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qucs_s/qucs-powercombining/qucspowercombiningtool.cpp
Muhammet Şükrü Demir efabb31d59 fix background color.
2024-12-05 20:06:52 +03:00

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/*
* qucspowercombiningtool.cpp - Power combining tool implementation
*
* copyright (C) 2017 Andres Martinez-Mera <andresmartinezmera@gmail.com>
*
* This is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
* it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
* the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option)
* any later version.
*
* This software is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
* but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
* MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
* GNU General Public License for more details.
*
* You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
* along with this package; see the file COPYING. If not, write to
* the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street - Fifth Floor,
* Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA.
*
*
*/
#ifdef HAVE_CONFIG_H
#include <config.h>
#endif
#include <math.h>
#include "qucspowercombiningtool.h"
#include "../qucs/qucs.h"
#include "../qucs/misc.h"
#include "../qucs-filter/material_props.h"
#include "../qucs/extsimkernels/spicecompat.h"
//---------------------------------------------------------
// Constructor. It sets up the user interface
QucsPowerCombiningTool::QucsPowerCombiningTool()
{
setWindowTitle("Qucs Power Combining Tool " PACKAGE_VERSION);
// set application icon
setWindowIcon(QPixmap(":/images/bitmaps/big.qucs.xpm"));
centralWidget = new QWidget();
QHBoxLayout *hbox = new QHBoxLayout();
SpecificationsgroupBox = new QGroupBox("Implementation");
MicrostripgroupBox = new QGroupBox("Microstrip substrate");
ImagegroupBox = new QGroupBox("Preview");
//Add elements to SpecificationsgroupBox
QVBoxLayout *VboxImplementation = new QVBoxLayout();
//Topology
QHBoxLayout *hboxImpl1 = new QHBoxLayout();
TopoLabel = new QLabel("Topology");
TopoCombo = new QComboBox();
TopoCombo->addItem("Wilkinson");
TopoCombo->addItem("Multistage Wilkinson");
TopoCombo->addItem("T-junction");
TopoCombo->addItem("Branchline");
TopoCombo->addItem("Double box branchline");
TopoCombo->addItem("Bagley");
TopoCombo->addItem("Gysel");
TopoCombo->addItem("Travelling Wave");
TopoCombo->addItem("Tree");
hboxImpl1->addWidget(TopoLabel);
hboxImpl1->addWidget(TopoCombo);
VboxImplementation->addLayout(hboxImpl1);
// microstrip circuits cannot be implemented with SPICE
if (QucsSettings.DefaultSimulator != spicecompat::simQucsator) {
QStandardItemModel *model =
qobject_cast<QStandardItemModel *>(TopoCombo->model());
Q_ASSERT(model != nullptr);
for (int i = 2; i < TopoCombo->count(); i++) {
QStandardItem *itm = model->item(i);
itm->setFlags(itm->flags() & ~Qt::ItemIsEnabled);
}
}
//Number of outputs
QHBoxLayout *hboxImpl2 = new QHBoxLayout();
NLabel =new QLabel("Number of outputs");
BranchesCombo = new QComboBox();
BranchesCombo->addItem("2");
BranchesCombo->setEnabled(false);
BranchesCombo->setFixedWidth(60);
hboxImpl2->addWidget(NLabel);
hboxImpl2->addWidget(BranchesCombo);
VboxImplementation->addLayout(hboxImpl2);
//Ref impedance
QHBoxLayout *hboxImpl3 = new QHBoxLayout();
RefImp = new QLabel("Z0");
RefImplineEdit = new QLineEdit("50");
RefImplineEdit->setFixedWidth(40);
OhmLabel = new QLabel(QChar(0xa9, 0x03));
OhmLabel->setFixedWidth(15);
hboxImpl3->addWidget(RefImp);
hboxImpl3->addWidget(RefImplineEdit);
hboxImpl3->addWidget(OhmLabel);
VboxImplementation->addLayout(hboxImpl3);
//Frequency
QHBoxLayout *hboxImpl4 = new QHBoxLayout();
FreqLabel = new QLabel("Frequency");
FreqlineEdit = new QLineEdit("1");
FreqlineEdit->setFixedWidth(40);
FreqScaleCombo=new QComboBox();
FreqScaleCombo->addItem("GHz");
FreqScaleCombo->addItem("MHz");
FreqScaleCombo->addItem("kHz");
FreqScaleCombo->addItem("Hz");
FreqScaleCombo->setFixedWidth(60);
hboxImpl4->addWidget(FreqLabel);
hboxImpl4->addWidget(FreqlineEdit);
hboxImpl4->addWidget(FreqScaleCombo);
VboxImplementation->addLayout(hboxImpl4);
// Output power ratio
QHBoxLayout *hboxImpl5 = new QHBoxLayout();
K1Label = new QLabel("Output Power ratio");
K1lineEdit=new QLineEdit("0");
K1lineEdit->setFixedWidth(40);
K1LabeldB = new QLabel("dB");
K1LabeldB->setFixedWidth(20);
hboxImpl5->addWidget(K1Label);
hboxImpl5->addWidget(K1lineEdit);
hboxImpl5->addWidget(K1LabeldB);
VboxImplementation->addLayout(hboxImpl5);
// Number of stages
QHBoxLayout *hboxImpl5_ = new QHBoxLayout();
NStagesCombo = new QComboBox();
NStagesCombo->addItem("2");
NStagesCombo->setFixedWidth(60);
NStagesLabel = new QLabel("Number of stages");
hboxImpl5_->addWidget(NStagesLabel);
hboxImpl5_->addWidget(NStagesCombo);
VboxImplementation->addLayout(hboxImpl5_);
NStagesLabel->hide();
NStagesCombo->hide();
//Ideal transmission line attenuation coeffient
QHBoxLayout *hboxImplAlpha = new QHBoxLayout();
AlphaLabel = new QLabel("Attenuation coefficient");
AlphalineEdit=new QLineEdit("0");
AlphadBLabel = new QLabel("dB/m");
hboxImplAlpha->addWidget(AlphaLabel);
hboxImplAlpha->addWidget(AlphalineEdit);
hboxImplAlpha->addWidget(AlphadBLabel);
AlphadBLabel->setVisible(false);
AlphaLabel->setVisible(false);
AlphalineEdit->setVisible(false);
VboxImplementation->addLayout(hboxImplAlpha);
QHBoxLayout *hboxLengthUnit = new QHBoxLayout();
UnitsLabel = new QLabel("Length unit");
UnitsCombo=new QComboBox();
UnitsCombo->addItem("mm");
UnitsCombo->addItem("mil");
UnitsCombo->addItem("um");
UnitsCombo->addItem("nm");
UnitsCombo->addItem("inch");
UnitsCombo->addItem("ft");
UnitsCombo->addItem("m");
UnitsCombo->setFixedWidth(60);
hboxLengthUnit->addWidget(UnitsLabel);
hboxLengthUnit->addWidget(UnitsCombo);
VboxImplementation->addLayout(hboxLengthUnit);
//Add S-param block?
QHBoxLayout *hboxImpl6 = new QHBoxLayout();
AddSparcheckBox=new QCheckBox("Add S-parameter simulation");
AddSparcheckBox->setChecked(true);
hboxImpl6->addWidget(AddSparcheckBox);
VboxImplementation->addLayout(hboxImpl6);
//Implementation. Mutually exclusive radiobuttons for selecting ideal transmission lines, microstrip tech, o CLC pi aproximations of quarter-wave lines
ImplementationgroupBox = new QGroupBox("Implementation");
QHBoxLayout *hboxImpl7 = new QHBoxLayout();//Layout for the groupbox
QVBoxLayout *vboxImpl = new QVBoxLayout();//Layout for allocating the radiobuttons
IdealTLradioButton=new QRadioButton("Ideal TL");//Synthesize Microstrip
MicrostripradioButton=new QRadioButton("Microstrip");//Synthesize Microstrip
LumpedElementsradioButton=new QRadioButton("Lumped elements");//Lumped elements implementation
//Add widgets to the layout
vboxImpl->addWidget(IdealTLradioButton);
vboxImpl->addWidget(MicrostripradioButton);
vboxImpl->addWidget(LumpedElementsradioButton);
IdealTLradioButton->setChecked(true);//Activate ideal TL by default
ImplementationgroupBox->setLayout(vboxImpl);//Add layout to the groupbox
hboxImpl7->addWidget(ImplementationgroupBox);
VboxImplementation->addLayout(hboxImpl7);
//Go! Button
QHBoxLayout *hboxImpl8 = new QHBoxLayout();
GenerateButton = new QPushButton("Generate schematic");
hboxImpl8->addWidget(GenerateButton);
VboxImplementation->addLayout(hboxImpl8);
// Add elements to MicrostripgroupBox
QVBoxLayout *VboxMicrostrip = new QVBoxLayout();
//Relative permitivity
QHBoxLayout *hboxMicr1 = new QHBoxLayout();
RelPermlabel = new QLabel("Relative permitivity");
RelPermcomboBox = new QComboBox();
RelPermcomboBox->setEditable(true);
const char **p = List_er;
while(*(++p)) RelPermcomboBox->addItem(*p);
hboxMicr1->addWidget(RelPermlabel);
hboxMicr1->addWidget(RelPermcomboBox);
VboxMicrostrip->addLayout(hboxMicr1);
//Substrate height
QHBoxLayout *hboxMicr2 = new QHBoxLayout();
SubstrateHeightlabel = new QLabel("Substrate heigth");
SubstrateHeightlineEdit = new QLineEdit("1.0");
SubstrateMMlabel = new QLabel("mm");
hboxMicr2->addWidget(SubstrateHeightlabel);
hboxMicr2->addWidget(SubstrateHeightlineEdit);
hboxMicr2->addWidget(SubstrateMMlabel);
VboxMicrostrip->addLayout(hboxMicr2);
//Metal thickness
QHBoxLayout *hboxMicr3 = new QHBoxLayout();
ThicknessLabel = new QLabel("Metal thickness");
ThicknesslineEdit = new QLineEdit("12.5");
ThicknessumLabel = new QLabel("um");
hboxMicr3->addWidget(ThicknessLabel);
hboxMicr3->addWidget(ThicknesslineEdit);
hboxMicr3->addWidget(ThicknessumLabel);
VboxMicrostrip->addLayout(hboxMicr3);
//Minimum width
QHBoxLayout *hboxMicr4 = new QHBoxLayout();
MinWidthLabel= new QLabel("Minimum width");
MinWidthlineEdit = new QLineEdit("0.4");
MinWidthmmLabel = new QLabel("mm");
hboxMicr4->addWidget(MinWidthLabel);
hboxMicr4->addWidget(MinWidthlineEdit);
hboxMicr4->addWidget(MinWidthmmLabel);
VboxMicrostrip->addLayout(hboxMicr4);
//Maximum width
QHBoxLayout *hboxMicr5 = new QHBoxLayout();
MaxWidthLabel= new QLabel("Maximum width");
MaxWidthlineEdit = new QLineEdit("5");
MaxWidthmmLabel = new QLabel("mm");
hboxMicr5->addWidget(MaxWidthLabel);
hboxMicr5->addWidget(MaxWidthlineEdit);
hboxMicr5->addWidget(MaxWidthmmLabel);
VboxMicrostrip->addLayout(hboxMicr5);
//tan(delta)
QHBoxLayout *hboxMicr6 = new QHBoxLayout();
tanDLabel = new QLabel("tanD");
tanDlineEdit = new QLineEdit("0.0125");
hboxMicr6->addWidget(tanDLabel);
hboxMicr6->addWidget(tanDlineEdit);
VboxMicrostrip->addLayout(hboxMicr6);
//Resistivity
QHBoxLayout *hboxMicr7 = new QHBoxLayout();
ResistivityLabel = new QLabel("Resistivity");
ResistivitylineEdit = new QLineEdit("2.43902e-08");
hboxMicr7->addWidget(ResistivityLabel);
hboxMicr7->addWidget(ResistivitylineEdit);
VboxMicrostrip->addLayout(hboxMicr7);
//Roughness
QHBoxLayout *hboxMicr8 = new QHBoxLayout();
RoughnessLabel = new QLabel("Roughness");
RoughnesslineEdit = new QLineEdit("0.15e-6");
hboxMicr8->addWidget(RoughnessLabel);
hboxMicr8->addWidget(RoughnesslineEdit);
VboxMicrostrip->addLayout(hboxMicr8);
QSize sz;
QString s1 = ":/bitmaps/Wilkinson_idealTL.svg";
QGridLayout * imgLayout = new QGridLayout();
imgWidget = new QSvgWidget(s1);
imgWidget->setStyleSheet("background-color: white;");
sz = imgWidget->size();
imgWidget->setFixedSize(.6*sz);
imgLayout->addWidget(imgWidget);
ImagegroupBox->setLayout(imgLayout);
imgLayout->setAlignment(imgWidget, Qt::AlignHCenter);
SpecificationsgroupBox->setLayout(VboxImplementation);
MicrostripgroupBox->setLayout(VboxMicrostrip);
hbox->addWidget(SpecificationsgroupBox);
hbox->addWidget(ImagegroupBox);
hbox->addWidget(MicrostripgroupBox);
centralWidget->setLayout(hbox);
setCentralWidget(centralWidget);
MicrostripgroupBox->setEnabled(false);
statusBar = new QStatusBar();
setStatusBar(statusBar);
connect(GenerateButton, SIGNAL(clicked()), SLOT(on_GenerateButton_clicked()));
connect(TopoCombo, SIGNAL(currentIndexChanged(int)), SLOT(on_TopoCombo_currentIndexChanged(int)));
connect(MicrostripradioButton, SIGNAL(clicked()), SLOT(on_MicrostripradioButton_clicked()));
connect(LumpedElementsradioButton, SIGNAL(clicked()), SLOT(on_LCRadioButton_clicked()));
connect(IdealTLradioButton, SIGNAL(clicked()), SLOT(on_IdealTLRadioButton_clicked()));
if (QucsSettings.DefaultSimulator != spicecompat::simQucsator) {
IdealTLradioButton->setEnabled(false);
MicrostripradioButton->setEnabled(false);
LumpedElementsradioButton->setChecked(true);
on_LCRadioButton_clicked();
}
}
//------------------------------------------------
// Destructor
QucsPowerCombiningTool::~QucsPowerCombiningTool()
{
}
//---------------------------------------------------------------------------
// This function scales the frequency according to 'FreqScaleCombo' combobox
double QucsPowerCombiningTool::getScaleFreq()
{
double exp=1;
switch(FreqScaleCombo->currentIndex())
{
case 0:
exp=9;
break;
case 1:
exp=6;
break;
case 2:
exp=3;
break;
case 3:
exp=1;
break;
}
return pow(10, exp);
}
//------------------------------------------------------------------
// Update image
void QucsPowerCombiningTool::UpdateImage()
{
int index = TopoCombo->currentIndex();
bool lumpedImplementation = LumpedElementsradioButton->isChecked();
bool microstripImplementation = MicrostripradioButton->isChecked();
//Update image
switch (index)
{
case 0: //Wilkinson
if (lumpedImplementation)
{
imgWidget->load(QStringLiteral(":/bitmaps/WilkinsonLC.svg"));
}
else
{
(microstripImplementation) ? imgWidget->load(QStringLiteral(":/bitmaps/Wilkinson_microstrip.svg"))
: imgWidget->load(QStringLiteral(":/bitmaps/Wilkinson_idealTL.svg"));
}
break;
case 1: //Mutistage Wilkinson
if (lumpedImplementation)
{
imgWidget->load(QStringLiteral(":/bitmaps/MultistageWilkinsonLC.svg"));
}
else
{
(microstripImplementation) ? imgWidget->load(QStringLiteral(":/bitmaps/MultistageWilkinson_microstrip.svg"))
: imgWidget->load(QStringLiteral(":/bitmaps/MultistageWilkinson_idealTL.svg"));
}
break;
case 2: //Tee
(microstripImplementation) ? imgWidget->load(QStringLiteral(":/bitmaps/Tee_microstrip.svg"))
: imgWidget->load(QStringLiteral(":/bitmaps/Tee_idealTL.svg"));
break;
case 3: //Branch-line
(microstripImplementation) ? imgWidget->load(QStringLiteral(":/bitmaps/Branchline_microstrip.svg"))
: imgWidget->load(QStringLiteral(":/bitmaps/Branchline_idealTL.svg"));
break;
case 4: //Double-box branch-line
(microstripImplementation) ? imgWidget->load(QStringLiteral(":/bitmaps/DoubleBoxBranchline_microstrip.svg"))
: imgWidget->load(QStringLiteral(":/bitmaps/DoubleBoxBranchline_idealTL.svg"));
break;
case 5: //Bagley power combiner
(microstripImplementation) ? imgWidget->load(QStringLiteral(":/bitmaps/Bagley_microstrip.svg"))
: imgWidget->load(QStringLiteral(":/bitmaps/Bagley_idealTL.svg"));
break;
case 6: //Gysel power combiner
(microstripImplementation) ? imgWidget->load(QStringLiteral(":/bitmaps/Gysel_microstrip.svg"))
: imgWidget->load(QStringLiteral(":/bitmaps/Gysel_idealTL.svg"));
break;
// ------------- CORPORATE COMBINERS -----------------
case 7: //Travelling wave
(microstripImplementation) ? imgWidget->load(QStringLiteral(":/bitmaps/TravellingWave_microstrip.svg"))
: imgWidget->load(QStringLiteral(":/bitmaps/TravellingWave_idealTL.svg"));
break;
case 8: //Tree
(microstripImplementation) ? imgWidget->load(QStringLiteral(":/bitmaps/Tree_microstrip.svg"))
: imgWidget->load(QStringLiteral(":/bitmaps/Tree_idealTL.svg"));
break;
}
}
//------------------------------------------------------------------
// This function changes the window according to the selected topology
void QucsPowerCombiningTool::on_TopoCombo_currentIndexChanged(int index)
{
bool lumpedImplementation = LumpedElementsradioButton->isChecked();
UpdateImage();
// Change settings
if ((index==0)|(index==2)||(index==3))//Wilkinson, Tee, Branchline
{
K1lineEdit->setVisible(true);
K1Label->setVisible(true);
K1LabeldB->setVisible(true);
BranchesCombo->clear();
BranchesCombo->addItem("2");
BranchesCombo->setEnabled(false);
BranchesCombo->setEditable(false);
}
else
{//The rest of power combiners do not support unequal power ratio
K1lineEdit->setVisible(false);
K1Label->setVisible(false);
K1LabeldB->setVisible(false);
}
if ((index == 3)||(index == 4)||(index == 6))//Branchline, double-box branchline and Gysel
{//The Gysel power combiner has only two output branches
BranchesCombo->clear();
BranchesCombo->addItem("2");
BranchesCombo->setEnabled(false);
BranchesCombo->setEditable(false);
}
if ((index == 0)||(index==1))//Conventional and multistage Wilkinson
{
LumpedElementsradioButton->setEnabled(true);
}
else//Only the Wilkinson combiners support the CLC equivalent of a quarter-wavelength line
{
if (lumpedImplementation) {
// Lumped elements checkbox selected, reset to Ideal TL
IdealTLradioButton->setChecked(true);
}
LumpedElementsradioButton->setEnabled(false);
}
if (index == 1)//Multistage Wilkinson. So far, it is not possible to implement more than 7 stages
{
NStagesCombo->clear();
NStagesCombo->addItem("2");
NStagesCombo->addItem("3");
NStagesCombo->addItem("4");
NStagesCombo->addItem("5");
NStagesCombo->addItem("6");
NStagesCombo->addItem("7");
NStagesLabel->setVisible(true);
NStagesCombo->setVisible(true);
BranchesCombo->clear();
BranchesCombo->addItem("2");//2 outputs only
BranchesCombo->setEnabled(false);
}
else//There are no more multistage combiners implemented
{
NStagesLabel->setVisible(false);
NStagesCombo->setVisible(false);
}
if(index == 5)//Bagley
{
BranchesCombo->clear();
BranchesCombo->addItem("3");
BranchesCombo->addItem("5");
BranchesCombo->addItem("7");
BranchesCombo->setEditable(true);
BranchesCombo->setEnabled(true);
}
if(index == 7)// Travelling wave
{
BranchesCombo->clear();
BranchesCombo->addItem("3");
BranchesCombo->addItem("4");
BranchesCombo->addItem("5");
BranchesCombo->addItem("6");
BranchesCombo->setEditable(true);//Let the user to specify an arbitrary number of outputs
BranchesCombo->setEnabled(true);
}
if(index == 8)//Tree
{
BranchesCombo->clear();
BranchesCombo->addItem("4");
BranchesCombo->addItem("8");
BranchesCombo->addItem("16");
BranchesCombo->setEditable(true);//Let the user to specify an arbitrary number of outputs (power of 2)
BranchesCombo->setEnabled(true);
}
}
//---------------------------------------------------------------
// This function reads the input values and calls the different methods for generating a schematic
void QucsPowerCombiningTool::on_GenerateButton_clicked()
{
double err=0;
double Z0 = RefImplineEdit->text().toDouble();
int N=BranchesCombo->currentText().toInt();
double K=K1lineEdit->text().toDouble();//Power ratio. Output port 1
K = pow(10, K/20.);//Conversion to natural units
double Freq = FreqlineEdit->text().toDouble()*getScaleFreq();
bool SP_block = AddSparcheckBox->isChecked();
int NStages = NStagesCombo->currentText().toInt();
tSubstrate Substrate;
double alpha = AlphalineEdit->text().toDouble();//Attenuation coefficient in dB/m
bool microcheck = MicrostripradioButton->isChecked();
bool LumpedElements = LumpedElementsradioButton->isChecked();//Lumped element implementation?
if (microcheck)//Substrate
{
Substrate.er=RelPermcomboBox->currentText().section(" ", 0, 0).toDouble();
Substrate.height=SubstrateHeightlineEdit->text().toDouble()*1e-3;
Substrate.thickness=ThicknesslineEdit->text().toDouble()*1e-6;
Substrate.maxWidth=MaxWidthlineEdit->text().toDouble()*1e-3;
Substrate.minWidth=MinWidthlineEdit->text().toDouble()*1e-3;
Substrate.resistivity=ResistivitylineEdit->text().toDouble();
Substrate.tand=tanDlineEdit->text().toDouble();
Substrate.roughness=RoughnesslineEdit->text().toDouble();
}
switch (TopoCombo->currentIndex())//Topology selection
{
case 0: // Wilkinson
err = Wilkinson(Z0, Freq, K, SP_block, microcheck, Substrate, alpha, LumpedElements);
break;
case 1: // Multistage Wilkinson
err = MultistageWilkinson(Z0, Freq, NStages, SP_block, microcheck, Substrate, alpha, LumpedElements);
break;
case 2: // Tee
err = Tee(Z0, Freq, K*K, SP_block, microcheck, Substrate, alpha);
break;
case 3: //Branchline
err = Branchline(Z0, Freq, K*K, SP_block, microcheck, Substrate, alpha);
break;
case 4: //Double box branchline
err = DoubleBoxBranchline(Z0, Freq, K*K, SP_block, microcheck, Substrate, alpha);
break;
case 5: //Bagley
err = Bagley(Z0, Freq, N, SP_block, microcheck, Substrate, alpha);
break;
case 6: // Gysel
err = Gysel(Z0, Freq, SP_block, microcheck, Substrate, alpha);
break;
case 7: // Travelling wave
err = TravellingWave(Z0, Freq, N, SP_block, microcheck, Substrate, alpha);
break;
case 8: //Tree
err = Tree(Z0, Freq, N, SP_block, microcheck, Substrate, alpha);
break;
}
if(!err)//Checking errors...
{
statusBar->showMessage(tr("Ready! Use CTRL+V to paste the schematic"), 2000);
}
else
{
statusBar->showMessage(tr("Error! The network could not be generated"), 2000);
}
}
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// This function calculates the parameters of the Wilkinson power divider according to the
// specifications. It is written outside of Wilkinson() because it is also used by the corporate power
// combining functions
QString QucsPowerCombiningTool::CalculateWilkinson(double Z0, double K)
{
// Wilkinson divider design equations
double K2 =K*K;
double Z3 = Z0*sqrt((K2+1)/(K*K*K));
double Z2 = K2*Z3;
double R=Z0*((K2+1)/K);
double R2 = Z0*K;
double R3 = Z0/K;
return QStringLiteral("%1;%2;%3;%4;%5").arg(Z2).arg(Z3).arg(R).arg(R2).arg(R3);
}
//-----------------------------------------------------
// This function calculates a 2Way Wilkinson divider and generates the
// schematic
int QucsPowerCombiningTool::Wilkinson(double Z0, double Freq, double K, bool SP_block, bool microcheck, tSubstrate Substrate, double Alpha, bool LumpedElements)
{
double er, width;
double lambda4=SPEED_OF_LIGHT/(4*Freq);
QString wilkstr = CalculateWilkinson(Z0, K);
double Z2 = wilkstr.section(';', 0, 0).toDouble();
double Z3 = wilkstr.section(';', 1, 1).toDouble();
double R = wilkstr.section(';', 2, 2).toDouble();
double R2 = wilkstr.section(';', 3, 3).toDouble();
double R3 = wilkstr.section(';', 4, 4).toDouble();
double C2, C3, CC, C2_, C3_, L2, L3, L2_, L3_, Z4, Z5;
if (LumpedElements)//Quarter wave transmission line Pi LC equivalent
{
double w = 2*M_PI*Freq;
L2 = Z2/w;
C2 = 1./(L2*w*w);
L3 = Z3/w;
C3 = 1./(L3*w*w);
CC = C2+C3;
if (R2 != R3)//Unequal output power rate => requires matching to Z0
{
Z4 = Z0*sqrt(K);
Z5 = Z0/sqrt(K);
L2_ = Z4/w;
L3_ = Z5/w;
C2_ = 1./(L2_*w*w);
C3_ = 1./(L3_*w*w);
//Embed the first capacitor of the Pi quarter wave equivalent in the last C of the Wilkinson structure
C2 += C2_;
C3 += C3_;
}
}
//Qucs schematic
QString s = "<Qucs Schematic " PACKAGE_VERSION ">\n";
s += "<Components>\n";
if (SP_block)
{
//Source
s += QStringLiteral("<Pac P1 1 0 0 18 -26 0 1 \"1\" 0 \"%1 Ohm\" 1 \"0 dBm\" 0 \"1 GHz\" 0>\n").arg(Z0);
s += QStringLiteral("<GND * 1 0 30 0 0 0 0>\n");
//Output port 1
s += QStringLiteral("<Pac P1 1 500 -60 18 -26 0 1 \"1\" 0 \"%1 Ohm\" 1 \"0 dBm\" 0 \"1 GHz\" 0>\n").arg(Z0);
s += QStringLiteral("<GND * 1 500 -30 0 0 0 0>\n");
//Output port 2
s += QStringLiteral("<Pac P1 1 500 60 18 -26 0 1 \"1\" 0 \"%1 Ohm\" 1 \"0 dBm\" 0 \"1 GHz\" 0>\n").arg(Z0);
s += QStringLiteral("<GND * 1 500 90 0 0 0 0>\n");
//S-parameter analysis component
QString freq_start = QStringLiteral("%1%2").arg(0.5*FreqlineEdit->text().toDouble()).arg(FreqScaleCombo->currentText());
QString freq_stop = QStringLiteral("%1%2").arg(1.5*FreqlineEdit->text().toDouble()).arg(FreqScaleCombo->currentText());
s += QStringLiteral("<.SP SP1 1 200 200 0 67 0 0 \"lin\" 1 \"%2\" 1 \"%3\" 1 \"300\" 1 \"no\" 0 \"1\" 0 \"2\" 0>\n").arg((freq_start)).arg((freq_stop));
s += getSPEquationString(50,200);
if (microcheck)s += QStringLiteral("<SUBST Sub1 1 400 200 -30 24 0 0 \"%1\" 1 \"%2mm\" 1 \"%3um\" 1 \"%4\" 1 \"%5\" 1 \"%6\" 1>\n").arg(Substrate.er).arg(Substrate.height*1e3).arg(Substrate.thickness*1e6).arg(Substrate.tand).arg(Substrate.resistivity).arg(Substrate.roughness);
}
if (microcheck)//Microstrip implementation
{
er = Substrate.er;
getMicrostrip(Z0, Freq, &Substrate, width, er);
s += QStringLiteral("<MLIN MS1 1 130 -30 -26 20 0 0 \"Sub1\" 0 \"%1\" 1 \"%2\" 1 \"Hammerstad\" 0 \"Kirschning\" 0 \"26.85\" 0>\n").arg(ConvertLengthFromM(width)).arg(ConvertLengthFromM(lambda4/sqrt(er)));
er = Substrate.er;
getMicrostrip(Z2, Freq, &Substrate, width, er);
s += QStringLiteral("<MLIN MS1 1 260 -90 -26 -71 0 0 \"Sub1\" 0 \"%1\" 1 \"%2\" 1 \"Hammerstad\" 0 \"Kirschning\" 0 \"26.85\" 0>\n").arg(ConvertLengthFromM(width)).arg(ConvertLengthFromM(lambda4/sqrt(er)));
er = Substrate.er;
getMicrostrip(Z3, Freq, &Substrate, width, er);
s += QStringLiteral("<MLIN MS1 1 260 30 -26 20 0 0 \"Sub1\" 0 \"%1\" 1 \"%2\" 1 \"Hammerstad\" 0 \"Kirschning\" 0 \"26.85\" 0>\n").arg(ConvertLengthFromM(width)).arg(ConvertLengthFromM(lambda4/sqrt(er)));
}
else
{
if (LumpedElements)// CLC equivalent
{
//First capacitor
s += QStringLiteral("<C C1 1 110 0 13 4 0 3 \"%1\" 1 \"\" 0 \"neutral\" 0>\n").arg(num2str(CC));
s += QStringLiteral("<GND * 1 110 30 0 1 0 0>\n");
//Upper branch
s += QStringLiteral("<C C1 1 310 -140 -89 -28 0 3 \"%1\" 1 \"\" 0 \"neutral\" 0>\n").arg(num2str(C2));
s += QStringLiteral("<GND * 1 310 -170 0 0 0 2>\n");
s += QStringLiteral("<L L1 1 260 -90 -25 8 0 0 \"%1\" 1 \"\" 0 \"neutral\" 0>\n").arg(num2str(L2));
//Lower branch
s += QStringLiteral("<C C1 1 310 80 -77 10 0 3 \"%1\" 1 \"\" 0 \"neutral\" 0>\n").arg(num2str(C3));
s += QStringLiteral("<GND * 1 310 110 0 0 0 0>\n");
s += QStringLiteral("<L L2 1 260 30 -28 12 0 0 \"%1\" 1 \"\" 0 \"neutral\" 0>\n").arg(num2str(L3));
}
else
{
s += QStringLiteral("<TLIN Line1 1 130 -30 -26 20 0 0 \"%1 Ohm\" 1 \"%2\" 1 \"%3 dB\" 0 \"26.85\" 0>\n").arg(RoundVariablePrecision(Z0)).arg(ConvertLengthFromM(lambda4)).arg(Alpha);//Z0 line
s += QStringLiteral("<TLIN Line1 1 260 -90 -26 -71 0 0 \"%1 Ohm\" 1 \"%2\" 1 \"%3 dB\" 0 \"26.85\" 0>\n").arg(RoundVariablePrecision(Z2)).arg(ConvertLengthFromM(lambda4)).arg(Alpha);//Output branch 1
s += QStringLiteral("<TLIN Line1 1 260 30 -26 20 0 0 \"%1 Ohm\" 1 \"%2\" 1 \"%3 dB\" 0 \"26.85\" 0>\n").arg(RoundVariablePrecision(Z3)).arg(ConvertLengthFromM(lambda4)).arg(Alpha);//Output branch 2
}
}
s += QStringLiteral("<R R1 1 340 -20 20 -26 0 -1 \"%1 Ohm\" 1 \"26.85\" 0 \"US\" 0>\n").arg(R);//Isolation resistor
if (K!=1)
{// An unequal power ratio implies that the load impedance != 50, so it requires matching
if (microcheck)//Microstrip
{
er = Substrate.er;
getMicrostrip(sqrt(Z0*R2), Freq, &Substrate, width, er);
s += QStringLiteral("<MLIN MS1 1 410 -90 -26 -71 0 0 \"Sub1\" 0 \"%1\" 1 \"%2\" 1 \"Hammerstad\" 0 \"Kirschning\" 0 \"26.85\" 0>\n").arg(ConvertLengthFromM(width)).arg(ConvertLengthFromM(lambda4/sqrt(er)));
er = Substrate.er;
getMicrostrip(sqrt(Z0*R3), Freq, &Substrate, width, er);
s += QStringLiteral("<MLIN MS1 1 410 30 -26 20 0 0 \"Sub1\" 0 \"%1\" 1 \"%2\" 1 \"Hammerstad\" 0 \"Kirschning\" 0 \"26.85\" 0>\n").arg(ConvertLengthFromM(width)).arg(ConvertLengthFromM(lambda4/sqrt(er)));
}
else
{
if (LumpedElements)//CLC equivalent
{
// Upper branch
s += QStringLiteral("<L L2 1 410 -90 -22 5 0 0 \"%1\" 1 \"\" 0 \"neutral\" 0>\n").arg(num2str(L2_));
s += QStringLiteral("<C C1 1 450 -140 -80 -30 0 3 \"%1\" 1 \"\" 0 \"neutral\" 0>\n").arg(num2str(C2_));
s += QStringLiteral("<GND * 1 450 -170 0 0 0 2>\n");
// Lower branch
s += QStringLiteral("<L L2 1 410 30 -41 7 0 0 \"%1\" 1 \"\" 0 \"neutral\" 0>\n").arg(num2str(L3_));
s += QStringLiteral("<C C1 1 450 90 -79 -7 0 3 \"%1\" 1 \"\" 0 \"neutral\" 0>\n").arg(num2str(C3_));
s += QStringLiteral("<GND * 1 450 120 0 0 0 0>\n");
}
else
{
s += QStringLiteral("<TLIN Line1 1 410 -90 -26 -71 0 0 \"%1 Ohm\" 1 \"%2\" 1 \"%3 dB\" 0 \"26.85\" 0>\n").arg(RoundVariablePrecision(sqrt(Z0*R2))).arg(ConvertLengthFromM(lambda4)).arg(Alpha);//Quarter wave matching output branch 1
s += QStringLiteral("<TLIN Line1 1 410 30 -26 20 0 0 \"%1 Ohm\" 1 \"%2\" 1 \"%3 dB\" 0 \"26.85\" 0>\n").arg(RoundVariablePrecision(sqrt(Z0*R3))).arg(ConvertLengthFromM(lambda4)).arg(Alpha);//Quarter wave matching output branch 2
}
}
}
s += "</Components>\n";
//Wiring
s += "<Wires>\n";
s += QStringLiteral("<0 -30 100 -30 \"\" 0 0 0>\n");//Source to Z0 line
s += QStringLiteral("<160 -30 190 -30 \"\" 0 0 0 \"\">\n");//Z0 line to branches
s += QStringLiteral("<190 -90 190 -30 \"\" 0 0 0 \"\">\n");//Z0 line to upper branch
s += QStringLiteral("<190 -90 230 -90 \"\" 0 0 0 \"\">\n");//Z0 line (corner) to upper branch
s += QStringLiteral("<290 -90 340 -90 \"\" 0 0 0 \"\">\n");//Upper branch to isolation resistor
s += QStringLiteral("<340 -90 340 -50 \"\" 0 0 0 \"\">\n");//Upper branch (corner) to isolation resistor
s += QStringLiteral("<190 -30 190 30 \"\" 0 0 0 \"\">\n");//Z0 line to lower branch
s += QStringLiteral("<190 30 230 30 \"\" 0 0 0 \"\">\n");//Z0 line (corner) to lower branch
s += QStringLiteral("<290 30 340 30 \"\" 0 0 0 \"\">\n");//Lower branch to isolation resistor
s += QStringLiteral("<340 10 340 30 \"\" 0 0 0 \"\">\n");//Lower branch (corner) to isolation resistor
if (LumpedElements)
{
s += QStringLiteral("<90 -30 180 -30 \"\" 0 0 0>\n");
s += QStringLiteral("<310 -110 310 -90 \"\" 0 0 0>\n");//Upper branch
s += QStringLiteral("<310 30 310 50 \"\" 0 0 0>\n");//Lower branch
}
if (K!=1)//Unequal power split ratio => need additional matching
{
if (LumpedElements)
{
s += QStringLiteral("<340 -90 380 -90 \"\" 0 0 0 \"\">\n");//Upper branch, R to L
s += QStringLiteral("<440 -90 500 -90 \"\" 0 0 0 \"\">\n");//Upper branch, L to port
s += QStringLiteral("<450 -110 450 -90 \"\" 0 0 0 \"\">\n");//Upper branch, L to C
s += QStringLiteral("<340 30 380 30 \"\" 0 0 0 \"\">\n");//Lower branch, R to L
s += QStringLiteral("<440 30 500 30 \"\" 0 0 0 \"\">\n");//Lower branch, L to port
s += QStringLiteral("<450 30 450 60 \"\" 0 0 0 \"\">\n");//Lower branch, L to C
}
else//Transmission lines
{
s += QStringLiteral("<340 -90 380 -90 \"\" 0 0 0 \"\">\n");//Isolation resistor to matching line. Upper branch
s += QStringLiteral("<440 -90 500 -90 \"\" 0 0 0 \"\">\n");//Matching line to port 2. Upper branch
s += QStringLiteral("<340 30 380 30 \"\" 0 0 0 \"\">\n");//Isolation resistor to matching line. Lowe branch
s += QStringLiteral("<440 30 500 30 \"\" 0 0 0 \"\">\n");//Matching line to port 2. Lower branch
}
}
else//Equal power split ratio
{
s += QStringLiteral("<340 -90 500 -90 \"\" 0 0 0 \"\">\n");//Branch 2 to Port 2
s += QStringLiteral("<340 30 500 30 \"\" 0 0 0 \"\">\n");//Branch 2 to Port 3
}
s += "</Wires>\n";
QApplication::clipboard()->setText(s, QClipboard::Clipboard);//Copy into clipboard
return 0;
}
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// This function calculates a multistage lambda/4 matching using the Chebyshev weigthing.
// See Microwave Engineering. David Pozar. John Wiley and Sons. 4th Edition. Pg 256-261
QString QucsPowerCombiningTool::calcChebyLines(double RL, double Z0, double gamma, int N)
{
if (N > 7)// So far, it is only available Chebyshev weighting up to 7 sections.
// Probably, it makes no sense to use a higher number of sections because of the losses
{
QMessageBox::warning(0, QObject::tr("Error"),
QObject::tr("Chebyshev weighting for N>7 is not available"));
return QString();
}
QString s;
double sec_theta_m;// = cosh((1/(1.*N))*acosh((1/gamma)*fabs((RL-Z0)/(Z0+RL))) );
//double sec_theta_m = cosh((1/(1.*N))*acosh(fabs(log(RL/Z0)/(2*gamma))) );
(fabs(log(RL/Z0)/(2*gamma)) < 1) ? sec_theta_m = 0 : sec_theta_m = cosh((1/(1.*N))*acosh(fabs(log(RL/Z0)/(2*gamma))) );
std::vector<double> w(N,0.0);
switch(N)//The weights are calculated by equating the reflection coeffient formula to the N-th Chebyshev polinomial
{
case 1:
w[0] = sec_theta_m;
break;
case 2:
w[0] = sec_theta_m*sec_theta_m;
w[1] = 2*(sec_theta_m*sec_theta_m-1);
break;
case 3:
w[0] = pow(sec_theta_m,3);
w[1] = 3*(pow(sec_theta_m, 3) - sec_theta_m);
w[2] = w[1];
break;
case 4:
w[0] = pow(sec_theta_m, 4);
w[1] = 4*sec_theta_m*sec_theta_m*(sec_theta_m*sec_theta_m-1);
w[2] =2*( 1-4*sec_theta_m*sec_theta_m+3*pow(sec_theta_m, 4));
w[3]= w[1];
break;
case 5:
w[0] = pow(sec_theta_m, 5);
w[1] = 5*(pow(sec_theta_m, 5) - pow(sec_theta_m, 3));
w[2] = 10*pow(sec_theta_m, 5) - 15*pow(sec_theta_m, 3) + 5*sec_theta_m;
w[3] = w[2];
w[4] = w[1];
break;
case 6:
w[0] = pow(sec_theta_m, 6);
w[1] = 6*pow(sec_theta_m,4)*(sec_theta_m*sec_theta_m - 1);
w[2] = 15*pow(sec_theta_m, 6) - 24*pow(sec_theta_m, 4) + 9*sec_theta_m*sec_theta_m;
w[3] = 2*(10*pow(sec_theta_m, 6) - 18*pow(sec_theta_m, 4) + 9*sec_theta_m*sec_theta_m - 1);
w[4] = w[2];
w[5] = w[1];
break;
case 7:
w[0] = pow(sec_theta_m, 7);
w[1] = 7*pow(sec_theta_m, 5)*(sec_theta_m*sec_theta_m -1);
w[2] = 21*pow(sec_theta_m, 7) - 35*pow(sec_theta_m, 5) + 14*pow(sec_theta_m, 3);
w[3] = 35*pow(sec_theta_m, 7) - 70*pow(sec_theta_m, 5) + 42*pow(sec_theta_m, 3) -7*sec_theta_m ;
w[4] = w[3];
w[5] = w[2];
w[6] = w[1];
break;
}
double Zaux=Z0, Zi;
for (int i = 0; i < N; i++)
{
(RL<Z0) ? Zi = exp(log(Zaux) - gamma*w[i]):Zi = exp(log(Zaux) + gamma*w[i]); // When RL<Z0, Z_{i}<Z_{i-1}
Zaux=Zi;
s+=QStringLiteral("%1;").arg(Zi);
}
return s;
}
// This function calculates the isolation resistors given the impedance of the quarter wave lines
QString QucsPowerCombiningTool::calcMultistageWilkinsonIsolators(QString Zlines, double L, std::complex<double> gamma, int NStages, double Z0)
{
double Z_, R, Zaux = Zlines.section(';', NStages-1, NStages-1).toDouble();
QString s;
std::complex<double> Zi = 0;
for (int i=NStages-1; i>=0;i--)
{
Z_ = abs(Zaux*(Zi + Zaux*tanh(gamma*L))/(Zaux+Zi*tanh(gamma*L)));
Zaux = Zlines.section(';', i-1, i-1).toDouble();
R = Z0*Z_/(Z_ - Z0);
Zi = Z0;
s +=QStringLiteral("%1;").arg(2*R);
}
return s;
}
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// This function synthesizes a multistage Wilkinson power divider.
// References:
// [1] A class of broadband three-port TEM-mode hybrids. Seymour B. Cohn. IEEE
// transactions on microwave theory and techniques. vol MTT-16, No 2, February 1968
// The approximation of the isolation resistances was taken from
// http://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/fileexchange/22996-rf-utilities-v1-2/content/RFutils_M/bwilk.m
int QucsPowerCombiningTool::MultistageWilkinson(double Z0, double Freq, int NStages, bool SP_block, bool microcheck, tSubstrate Substrate, double Alpha, bool LumpedElements)
{
QString Zlines = calcChebyLines(2*Z0, Z0, 0.05, NStages);
double er, width;
microcheck ? er=Substrate.er : 1;
double lambda = SPEED_OF_LIGHT/(Freq);
double lambda4=lambda/4, W;
double alpha;
auto C = new double[NStages];
auto L = new double[NStages];
if (LumpedElements)//CLC pi equivalent calculation
{
double w = 2*M_PI*Freq;
int j = 0;
for (int i = NStages-1; i>= 0;i--, j++)
{
double Zi = Zlines.section(';', i, i).toDouble();
L[j] = Zi/w;
C[j] = 1./(L[j]*w*w);
}
}
if (microcheck)//Microstrip implementation
{
double Rs = sqrt((2*M_PI*Freq*4*M_PI*1e-7)/Substrate.resistivity);
getMicrostrip(Z0, Freq, &Substrate, W, er);
alpha = Rs/(Z0*W);//Conductor attenuation coefficient in (Np/m)
}
else
{
alpha = log(pow(0.1*Alpha, 10));//Alpha is given in dB/m, then it is necessary to convert it into Np/m units
}
std::complex<double> gamma(alpha, 2*M_PI/lambda);//It is only considered the attenation of the metal conductor since it tends to be much higher than the dielectric
QString Risol = calcMultistageWilkinsonIsolators(Zlines, lambda4, gamma, NStages, Z0);
QString wirestr = "<Wires>\n", str;
QString s = "<Qucs Schematic " PACKAGE_VERSION ">\n";
s += "<Components>\n";
if (SP_block)//Add S-param simulation
{
//Source
s += QStringLiteral("<Pac P1 1 0 30 18 -26 0 1 \"1\" 1 \"%1 Ohm\" 1 \"0 dBm\" 0 \"1 GHz\" 0>\n").arg(Z0);
s += QStringLiteral("<GND * 1 0 60 0 0 0 0>\n");
wirestr +=QStringLiteral("<0 0 0 -30 \"\" 0 0 0>\n");//Vertical wire
wirestr +=QStringLiteral("<0 -30 70 -30 \"\" 0 0 0>\n");//Horizontal wire
//S-parameter analysis component
QString freq_start = QStringLiteral("%1%2").arg((1/NStages)*FreqlineEdit->text().toDouble()).arg(FreqScaleCombo->currentText());
QString freq_stop = QStringLiteral("%1%2").arg((2+1/NStages)*FreqlineEdit->text().toDouble()).arg(FreqScaleCombo->currentText());
s += QStringLiteral("<.SP SP1 1 200 200 0 67 0 0 \"lin\" 1 \"%2\" 1 \"%3\" 1 \"300\" 1 \"no\" 0 \"1\" 0 \"2\" 0>\n").arg(freq_start).arg(freq_stop);
str += QStringLiteral("\"S11_dB=dB(S[1,1])\" 1 ");
str += QStringLiteral("\"S22_dB=dB(S[2,2])\" 1 ");
str += QStringLiteral("\"S33_dB=dB(S[3,3])\" 1 ");
str += QStringLiteral("\"S21_dB=dB(S[2,1])\" 1 ");
str +=QStringLiteral("\"S31_dB=dB(S[3,1])\" 1 ");
s += getSPEquationString(50,200);
if (microcheck)s += QStringLiteral("<SUBST Sub1 1 400 200 -30 24 0 0 \"%1\" 1 \"%2mm\" 1 \"%3um\" 1 \"%4\" 1 \"%5\" 1 \"%6\" 1>\n").arg(Substrate.er).arg(Substrate.height*1e3).arg(Substrate.thickness*1e6).arg(Substrate.tand).arg(Substrate.resistivity).arg(Substrate.roughness);
}
int x=100;
int spacing = 150;//Spacing between sections
double Zi, Ri;
if (microcheck)//Microstrip
{
er = Substrate.er;
getMicrostrip(Z0, Freq, &Substrate, width, er);
s += QStringLiteral("<MLIN MS1 1 %3 -30 -26 20 0 0 \"Sub1\" 0 \"%1\" 1 \"%2\" 1 \"Hammerstad\" 0 \"Kirschning\" 0 \"26.85\" 0>\n").arg(ConvertLengthFromM(width)).arg(ConvertLengthFromM(lambda4/sqrt(er))).arg(x);
}
else
{
if (LumpedElements)//LC elements. Pi CLC equivalent of a lambda/4 line
{
//First capacitor
s += QStringLiteral("<C C1 1 %2 0 -35 -80 0 3 \"%1\" 1 \"\" 0 \"neutral\" 0>\n").arg(num2str(2*C[0])).arg(x);
s += QStringLiteral("<GND * 1 %2 30 0 1 0 0>\n").arg(x);
wirestr +=QStringLiteral("<%1 -30 %2 -30 \"\" 0 0 0>\n").arg(x-30).arg(x+30);
}
else//Ideal transmission lines
{
s += QStringLiteral("<TLIN Line1 1 %1 -30 -26 20 0 0 \"%2 Ohm\" 1 \"%3\" 1 \"%4 dB\" 0 \"26.85\" 0>\n").arg(x).arg(RoundVariablePrecision(Z0)).arg(ConvertLengthFromM(lambda4)).arg(Alpha);//Z0 line
}
}
x+=50;//Separation between the source transmission line and the beginning of the output branches
wirestr +=QStringLiteral("<%1 -30 %2 -30 \"\" 0 0 0>\n").arg(x-20).arg(x+30);//Vertical line joining the output branches
wirestr +=QStringLiteral("<%1 -90 %1 30 \"\" 0 0 0>\n").arg(x+30);//Vertical line joining the output branches
int aux=1;
for (int i = NStages-1; i>= 0;i--, aux++)
{
Zi = Zlines.section(';', i, i).toDouble();
Ri = Risol.section(';', (NStages-1)-i, (NStages-1)-i).toDouble();
wirestr +=QStringLiteral("<%1 30 %2 30 \"\" 0 0 0>\n").arg(x+30).arg(x+70);
wirestr +=QStringLiteral("<%1 -90 %2 -90 \"\" 0 0 0>\n").arg(x+30).arg(x+70);
wirestr +=QStringLiteral("<%1 30 %2 30 \"\" 0 0 0>\n").arg(x+130).arg(x+180);
wirestr +=QStringLiteral("<%1 -90 %2 -90 \"\" 0 0 0>\n").arg(x+130).arg(x+180);
//Wiring the isolation resistor
wirestr +=QStringLiteral("<%1 30 %1 10 \"\" 0 0 0>\n").arg(x+160);
wirestr +=QStringLiteral("<%1 -90 %1 -50 \"\" 0 0 0>\n").arg(x+160);
if (microcheck)
{
er = Substrate.er;
getMicrostrip(Zi, Freq, &Substrate, width, er);
s += QStringLiteral("<MLIN MS1 1 %3 -90 -30 -73 0 0 \"Sub1\" 0 \"%1\" 1 \"%2\" 1 \"Hammerstad\" 0 \"Kirschning\" 0 \"26.85\" 0>\n").arg(ConvertLengthFromM(width)).arg(ConvertLengthFromM(lambda4/sqrt(er))).arg(x+100);
er = Substrate.er;
getMicrostrip(Zi, Freq, &Substrate, width, er);
s += QStringLiteral("<MLIN MS1 1 %3 30 -26 20 0 0 \"Sub1\" 0 \"%1\" 1 \"%2\" 1 \"Hammerstad\" 0 \"Kirschning\" 0 \"26.85\" 0>\n").arg(ConvertLengthFromM(width)).arg(ConvertLengthFromM(lambda4/sqrt(er))).arg(x+100);
}
else
{
if (LumpedElements)//Lumped equivalent
{
if (i == 0)//Last element
{
// Upper branch
s += QStringLiteral("<L L2 1 %2 -90 -31 9 0 0 \"%1\" 1 \"\" 0 \"neutral\" 0>\n").arg(num2str(L[aux-1])).arg(x+100);
s += QStringLiteral("<C C1 1 %2 -150 14 -21 0 3 \"%1\" 1 \"\" 0 \"neutral\" 0>\n").arg(num2str(C[aux-1])).arg(x+160);
wirestr +=QStringLiteral("<%1 -90 %1 -120 \"\" 0 0 0>\n").arg(x+160);
s += QStringLiteral("<GND * 1 %2 -180 0 0 0 2>\n").arg(x+160);
// Lower branch
s += QStringLiteral("<L L2 1 %2 30 -31 9 0 0 \"%1\" 1 \"\" 0 \"neutral\" 0>\n").arg(num2str(L[aux-1])).arg(x+100);
s += QStringLiteral("<C C1 1 %2 90 14 -23 0 3 \"%1\" 1 \"\" 0 \"neutral\" 0>\n").arg(num2str(C[aux-1])).arg(x+160);
wirestr +=QStringLiteral("<%1 30 %1 60 \"\" 0 0 0>\n").arg(x+160);
s += QStringLiteral("<GND * 1 %2 120 0 0 0 0>\n").arg(x+160);
}
else
{
// Upper branch
s += QStringLiteral("<L L2 1 %2 -90 -31 9 0 0 \"%1\" 1 \"\" 0 \"neutral\" 0>\n").arg(num2str(L[aux-1])).arg(x+100);
s += QStringLiteral("<C C1 1 %2 -150 14 -21 0 3 \"%1\" 1 \"\" 0 \"neutral\" 0>\n").arg(num2str(C[aux]+C[aux-1])).arg(x+160);
wirestr +=QStringLiteral("<%1 -90 %1 -120 \"\" 0 0 0>\n").arg(x+160);
s += QStringLiteral("<GND * 1 %2 -180 0 0 0 2>\n").arg(x+160);
// Lower branch
s += QStringLiteral("<L L2 1 %2 30 -31 9 0 0 \"%1\" 1 \"\" 0 \"neutral\" 0>\n").arg(num2str(L[aux-1])).arg(x+100);
s += QStringLiteral("<C C1 1 %2 90 14 -23 0 3 \"%1\" 1 \"\" 0 \"neutral\" 0>\n").arg(num2str(C[aux]+C[aux-1])).arg(x+160);
wirestr +=QStringLiteral("<%1 30 %1 60 \"\" 0 0 0>\n").arg(x+160);
s += QStringLiteral("<GND * 1 %2 120 0 0 0 0>\n").arg(x+160);
}
}
else//Ideal transmission lines
{
s += QStringLiteral("<TLIN Line1 1 %1 -90 -30 -73 0 0 \"%2 Ohm\" 1 \"%3\" 1 \"%4 dB\" 0 \"26.85\" 0>\n").arg(x+100).arg(RoundVariablePrecision(Zi)).arg(ConvertLengthFromM(lambda4)).arg(Alpha);//Upper branch
s += QStringLiteral("<TLIN Line1 1 %1 30 -26 20 0 0 \"%2 Ohm\" 1 \"%3\" 1 \"%4 dB\" 0 \"26.85\" 0>\n").arg(x+100).arg(RoundVariablePrecision(Zi)).arg(ConvertLengthFromM(lambda4)).arg(Alpha);//Lower branch
}
}
s += QStringLiteral("<R R1 1 %1 -20 11 -25 0 3 \"%2 Ohm\" 1 \"26.85\" 0 \"US\" 0>\n").arg(x+160).arg(RoundVariablePrecision(Ri));//Isolation resistor
x+=spacing;
if(SP_block && (i==1))//Add output ports at the last stage
{
s += QStringLiteral("<Pac P1 1 %1 60 18 -26 0 1 \"1\" 1 \"%2 Ohm\" 1 \"0 dBm\" 0 \"1 GHz\" 0>\n").arg(x+300).arg(Z0);
s += QStringLiteral("<GND * 1 %1 90 0 0 0 0>\n").arg(x+300);
wirestr +=QStringLiteral("<%1 30 %2 30 \"\" 0 0 0>\n").arg(x+150).arg(x+300);
s += QStringLiteral("<Pac P1 1 %1 -60 18 -26 0 1 \"1\" 1 \"%2 Ohm\" 1 \"0 dBm\" 0 \"1 GHz\" 0>\n").arg(x+300).arg(Z0);
s += QStringLiteral("<GND * 1 %1 -30 0 0 0 0>\n").arg(x+300);
wirestr +=QStringLiteral("<%1 -90 %2 -90 \"\" 0 0 0>\n").arg(x+150).arg(x+300);
}
}
s += "</Components>\n";
wirestr+="</Wires>\n";;
s += wirestr;
QApplication::clipboard()->setText(s, QClipboard::Clipboard);
return 0;
}
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// This function generates the schematic of a tee power divider
// Reference: "High Efficiency RF and Microwave Solid State Power Amplifiers". Paolo Colantonio, Franco Giannini and Ernesto Limiti, 2009, Wiley
int QucsPowerCombiningTool::Tee(double Z0, double Freq, double K, bool SP_block, bool microcheck, tSubstrate Substrate, double Alpha)
{
double er, width;
double lambda4=SPEED_OF_LIGHT/(4*Freq);
QString s = "<Qucs Schematic " PACKAGE_VERSION ">\n"; s += "<Components>\n";
if (SP_block)
{
//Source
s += QStringLiteral("<Pac P1 1 0 0 18 -26 0 1 \"1\" 1 \"%1 Ohm\" 1 \"0 dBm\" 0 \"1 GHz\" 0>\n").arg(Z0);
s += QStringLiteral("<GND * 1 0 30 0 0 0 0>\n");
//Output port 1
s += QStringLiteral("<Pac P1 1 450 -60 18 -26 0 1 \"1\" 1 \"%1 Ohm\" 1 \"0 dBm\" 0 \"1 GHz\" 0>\n").arg(2*Z0);
s += QStringLiteral("<GND * 1 450 -30 0 0 0 0>\n");
//Output port 2
s += QStringLiteral("<Pac P1 1 450 60 18 -26 0 1 \"1\" 1 \"%1 Ohm\" 1 \"0 dBm\" 0 \"1 GHz\" 0>\n").arg(2*Z0);
s += QStringLiteral("<GND * 1 450 90 0 0 0 0>\n");
//S-parameter analysis component
QString freq_start = QStringLiteral("%1%2").arg(0.5*FreqlineEdit->text().toDouble()).arg(FreqScaleCombo->currentText());
QString freq_stop = QStringLiteral("%1%2").arg(1.5*FreqlineEdit->text().toDouble()).arg(FreqScaleCombo->currentText());
s += QStringLiteral("<.SP SP1 1 200 200 0 67 0 0 \"lin\" 1 \"%2\" 1 \"%3\" 1 \"300\" 1 \"no\" 0 \"1\" 0 \"2\" 0>\n").arg(freq_start).arg(freq_stop);
s += QStringLiteral("<Eqn Eqn1 1 50 200 -28 15 0 0 \"S11_dB=dB(S[1,1])\" 1 \"S21_dB=dB(S[2,1])\" 1 \"S31_dB=dB(S[3,1])\" 1 \"S22_dB=dB(S[2,2])\" 1 \"S33_dB=dB(S[3,3])\" 1 \"yes\" 0>\n");
if (microcheck)s += QStringLiteral("<SUBST Sub1 1 400 200 -30 24 0 0 \"%1\" 1 \"%2mm\" 1 \"%3um\" 1 \"%4\" 1 \"%5\" 1 \"%6\" 1>\n").arg(Substrate.er).arg(Substrate.height*1e3).arg(Substrate.thickness*1e6).arg(Substrate.tand).arg(Substrate.resistivity).arg(Substrate.roughness);
}
if (microcheck)
{
er = Substrate.er;
getMicrostrip(Z0, Freq, &Substrate, width, er);
s += QStringLiteral("<MLIN MS1 1 120 -30 -26 20 0 0 \"Sub1\" 0 \"%1\" 1 \"%2\" 1 \"Hammerstad\" 0 \"Kirschning\" 0 \"26.85\" 0>\n").arg(ConvertLengthFromM(width)).arg(ConvertLengthFromM(lambda4/sqrt(er)));
er = Substrate.er;
getMicrostrip(Z0*(K+1), Freq, &Substrate, width, er);
s += QStringLiteral("<MLIN MS1 1 270 -90 -26 20 0 0 \"Sub1\" 0 \"%1\" 1 \"%2\" 1 \"Hammerstad\" 0 \"Kirschning\" 0 \"26.85\" 0>\n").arg(ConvertLengthFromM(width)).arg(ConvertLengthFromM(lambda4/sqrt(er)));
er = Substrate.er;
getMicrostrip(Z0*(K+1)/K, Freq, &Substrate, width, er);
s += QStringLiteral("<MLIN MS1 1 270 30 -26 20 0 0 \"Sub1\" 0 \"%1\" 1 \"%2\" 1 \"Hammerstad\" 0 \"Kirschning\" 0 \"26.85\" 0>\n").arg(ConvertLengthFromM(width)).arg(ConvertLengthFromM(lambda4/sqrt(er)));
}
else
{
s += QStringLiteral("<TLIN Line1 1 120 -30 -26 20 0 0 \"%1 Ohm\" 1 \"%2\" 1 \"%3 dB\" 0 \"26.85\" 0>\n").arg(RoundVariablePrecision(Z0)).arg(ConvertLengthFromM(lambda4)).arg(Alpha);//Z0 line
s += QStringLiteral("<TLIN Line1 1 270 -90 -26 20 0 0 \"%1 Ohm\" 1 \"%2\" 1 \"%3 dB\" 0 \"26.85\" 0>\n").arg(RoundVariablePrecision(Z0*(K+1))).arg(ConvertLengthFromM(lambda4)).arg(Alpha);//Output branch 1
s += QStringLiteral("<TLIN Line1 1 270 30 -26 20 0 0 \"%1 Ohm\" 1 \"%2\" 1 \"%3 dB\" 0 \"26.85\" 0>\n").arg(RoundVariablePrecision(Z0*(K+1)/K)).arg(ConvertLengthFromM(lambda4)).arg(Alpha);//Output branch 2
}
if (K!=1)
{// An unequal power ratio implies that the load impedance != 50, so it requires matching
if (microcheck)
{
er = Substrate.er;
getMicrostrip(sqrt(2*Z0*Z0*(K+1)), Freq, &Substrate, width, er);
s += QStringLiteral("<MLIN MS1 1 370 -90 -26 20 0 0 \"Sub1\" 0 \"%1\" 0 \"%2\" 0 \"Hammerstad\" 0 \"Kirschning\" 0 \"26.85\" 0>\n").arg(width).arg(lambda4/sqrt(er));
er = Substrate.er;
getMicrostrip(sqrt(Z0*Z0*(K+1)/K), Freq, &Substrate, width, er);
s += QStringLiteral("<MLIN MS1 1 370 30 -26 20 0 0 \"Sub1\" 0 \"%1\" 0 \"%2\" 0 \"Hammerstad\" 0 \"Kirschning\" 0 \"26.85\" 0>\n").arg(width).arg(lambda4/sqrt(er));
}
else
{
s += QStringLiteral("<TLIN Line1 1 370 -90 -26 20 0 0 \"%1\" 1 \"%2\" 1 \"%3 dB\" 0 \"26.85\" 0>\n").arg(RoundVariablePrecision(sqrt(2*Z0*Z0*(K+1)))).arg(ConvertLengthFromM(lambda4)).arg(Alpha);//Quarter wave matching output branch 1
s += QStringLiteral("<TLIN Line1 1 370 30 -26 20 0 0 \"%1\" 1 \"%2\" 1 \"%3 dB\" 0 \"26.85\" 0>\n").arg(RoundVariablePrecision(sqrt(2*Z0*Z0*(K+1)/K))).arg(ConvertLengthFromM(lambda4)).arg(Alpha);//Quarter wave matching output branch 2
}
}
s += "</Components>\n";
//Wiring
s += "<Wires>\n";
s += QStringLiteral("<0 -30 90 -30 \"\" 0 0 0>\n");//Source to Z0 line
s += QStringLiteral("<150 -30 200 -30 \"\" 0 0 0>\n");//Source to Z0 line
s += QStringLiteral("<200 30 200 -90 \"\" 0 0 0>\n");//Z0 line to branches
s += QStringLiteral("<200 30 240 30 \"\" 0 0 0>\n");//Z0 line to branch 1
s += QStringLiteral("<200 -90 240 -90 \"\" 0 0 0>\n");//Z0 line to branch 2
s += QStringLiteral("<300 30 340 30 \"\" 0 0 0>\n");//Branch 2to R
s += QStringLiteral("<300 -90 340 -90 \"\" 0 0 0>\n");//Branch 1 to R
if (K!=1)
{
s += QStringLiteral("<400 30 450 30 \"\" 0 0 0>\n");//Branch 2 to Port 2
s += QStringLiteral("<400 -90 450 -90 \"\" 0 0 0>\n");//Branch 2 to Port 3
}
else
{
s += QStringLiteral("<340 30 450 30 \"\" 0 0 0>\n");//Branch 2 to Port 2
s += QStringLiteral("<340 -90 450 -90 \"\" 0 0 0>\n");//Branch 2 to Port 3
}
s += "</Wires>\n";
QApplication::clipboard()->setText(s, QClipboard::Clipboard);
return 0;
}
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// This function generates the schematic of a Branch-line coupler
int QucsPowerCombiningTool::Branchline(double Z0, double Freq, double K, bool SP_block, bool microcheck, tSubstrate Substrate, double Alpha)
{
double er, width;
double lambda4=SPEED_OF_LIGHT/(4*Freq);
double ZA = Z0*sqrt(K/(K+1));
double ZB = Z0*sqrt(K);
QString s = "<Qucs Schematic " PACKAGE_VERSION ">\n"; s += "<Components>\n";
if (SP_block)
{
//Source
s += QStringLiteral("<Pac P1 1 50 -120 18 -26 0 1 \"1\" 1 \"%1 Ohm\" 1 \"0 dBm\" 0 \"1 GHz\" 0>\n").arg(Z0);
s += QStringLiteral("<GND * 1 50 -90 0 0 0 0>\n");
//Output port 1
s += QStringLiteral("<Pac P1 1 400 -120 18 -26 0 1 \"1\" 1 \"%1 Ohm\" 1 \"0 dBm\" 0 \"1 GHz\" 0>\n").arg(Z0);
s += QStringLiteral("<GND * 1 400 -90 0 0 0 0>\n");
//Output port 2
s += QStringLiteral("<Pac P1 1 400 90 18 -26 0 1 \"1\" 1 \"%1 Ohm\" 1 \"0 dBm\" 0 \"1 GHz\" 0>\n").arg(Z0);
s += QStringLiteral("<GND * 1 400 120 0 0 0 0>\n");
//S-parameter analysis component
QString freq_start = QStringLiteral("%1%2").arg(0.5*FreqlineEdit->text().toDouble()).arg(FreqScaleCombo->currentText());
QString freq_stop = QStringLiteral("%1%2").arg(1.5*FreqlineEdit->text().toDouble()).arg(FreqScaleCombo->currentText());
s += QStringLiteral("<.SP SP1 1 200 200 0 67 0 0 \"lin\" 1 \"%2\" 1 \"%3\" 1 \"300\" 1 \"no\" 0 \"1\" 0 \"2\" 0>\n").arg(freq_start).arg(freq_stop);
s += QStringLiteral("<Eqn Eqn1 1 50 200 -28 15 0 0 \"S11_dB=dB(S[1,1])\" 1 \"S21_dB=dB(S[2,1])\" 1 \"S31_dB=dB(S[3,1])\" 1 \"S22_dB=dB(S[2,2])\" 1 \"S33_dB=dB(S[3,3])\" 1 \"yes\" 0>\n");
if (microcheck)s += QStringLiteral("<SUBST Sub1 1 400 200 -30 24 0 0 \"%1\" 1 \"%2mm\" 1 \"%3um\" 1 \"%4\" 1 \"%5\" 1 \"%6\" 1>\n").arg(Substrate.er).arg(Substrate.height*1e3).arg(Substrate.thickness*1e6).arg(Substrate.tand).arg(Substrate.resistivity).arg(Substrate.roughness);
}
//Branch line coupler
if (microcheck)
{
er = Substrate.er;
getMicrostrip(ZA, Freq, &Substrate, width, er);
s += QStringLiteral("<MLIN MS1 1 220 30 -42 19 0 0 \"Sub1\" 0 \"%1\" 1 \"%2\" 1 \"Hammerstad\" 0 \"Kirschning\" 0 \"26.85\" 0>\n").arg(ConvertLengthFromM(width)).arg(ConvertLengthFromM(lambda4/sqrt(er)));
er = Substrate.er;
getMicrostrip(ZA, Freq, &Substrate, width, er);
s += QStringLiteral("<MLIN MS1 1 220 -90 -41 -71 0 0 \"Sub1\" 0 \"%1\" 1 \"%2\" 1 \"Hammerstad\" 0 \"Kirschning\" 0 \"26.85\" 0>\n").arg(ConvertLengthFromM(width)).arg(ConvertLengthFromM(lambda4/sqrt(er)));
er = Substrate.er;
getMicrostrip(ZB, Freq, &Substrate, width, er);
s += QStringLiteral("<MLIN MS1 1 150 -20 -60 -30 0 1 \"Sub1\" 0 \"%1\" 1 \"%2\" 1 \"Hammerstad\" 0 \"Kirschning\" 0 \"26.85\" 0>\n").arg(ConvertLengthFromM(width)).arg(ConvertLengthFromM(lambda4/sqrt(er)));
er = Substrate.er;
getMicrostrip(ZB, Freq, &Substrate, width, er);
s += QStringLiteral("<MLIN MS1 1 290 -20 22 -31 0 1 \"Sub1\" 0 \"%1\" 1 \"%2\" 1 \"Hammerstad\" 0 \"Kirschning\" 0 \"26.85\" 0>\n").arg(ConvertLengthFromM(width)).arg(ConvertLengthFromM(lambda4/sqrt(er)));
}
else
{
s += QStringLiteral("<TLIN Line1 1 220 30 -42 19 0 0 \"%1 Ohm\" 1 \"%2\" 1 \"%3 dB\" 0 \"26.85\" 0>\n").arg(RoundVariablePrecision(ZA)).arg(ConvertLengthFromM(lambda4)).arg(Alpha);//Z0 line
s += QStringLiteral("<TLIN Line1 1 220 -90 -41 -71 0 0 \"%1 Ohm\" 1 \"%2\" 1 \"%3 dB\" 0 \"26.85\" 0>\n").arg(RoundVariablePrecision(ZA)).arg(ConvertLengthFromM(lambda4)).arg(Alpha);//Output branch 1
s += QStringLiteral("<TLIN Line1 1 150 -20 -94 -29 0 1 \"%1 Ohm\" 1 \"%2\" 1 \"%3 dB\" 0 \"26.85\" 0>\n").arg(RoundVariablePrecision(ZB)).arg(ConvertLengthFromM(lambda4)).arg(Alpha);//Output branch 2
s += QStringLiteral("<TLIN Line1 1 290 -20 22 -31 0 1 \"%1 Ohm\" 1 \"%2\" 1 \"%3 dB\" 0 \"26.85\" 0>\n").arg(RoundVariablePrecision(ZB)).arg(ConvertLengthFromM(lambda4)).arg(Alpha);//Output branch 2
}
s += QStringLiteral("<R R1 1 50 90 14 -19 0 3 \"%1 Ohm\" 1 \"26.85\" 0 \"US\" 0>\n").arg(Z0);//Isolated port
s += QStringLiteral("<GND * 1 50 120 0 0 0 0>\n");
s += "</Components>\n";
//Wiring
s += "<Wires>\n";
s += QStringLiteral("<150 -90 190 -90 \"\" 0 0 0 \"\">\n");
s += QStringLiteral("<150 -90 150 -50 \"\" 0 0 0 \"\">\n");
s += QStringLiteral("<290 -90 290 -50 \"\" 0 0 0 \"\">\n");
s += QStringLiteral("<250 -90 290 -90 \"\" 0 0 0 \"\">\n");
s += QStringLiteral("<250 30 290 30 \"\" 0 0 0 \"\">\n");
s += QStringLiteral("<290 10 290 30 \"\" 0 0 0 \"\">\n");
s += QStringLiteral("<150 30 190 30 \"\" 0 0 0 \"\">\n");
s += QStringLiteral("<150 10 150 30 \"\" 0 0 0 \"\">\n");
s += QStringLiteral("<290 -150 290 -90 \"\" 0 0 0 \"\">\n");
s += QStringLiteral("<290 -150 400 -150 \"\" 0 0 0 \"\">\n");
s += QStringLiteral("<150 -150 150 -90 \"\" 0 0 0 \"\">\n");
s += QStringLiteral("<50 -150 150 -150 \"\" 0 0 0 \"\">\n");
s += QStringLiteral("<150 30 150 60 \"\" 0 0 0 \"\">\n");
s += QStringLiteral("<150 30 150 60 \"\" 0 0 0 \"\">\n");
s += QStringLiteral("<50 60 150 60 \"\" 0 0 0 \"\">\n");
s += QStringLiteral("<290 30 290 60 \"\" 0 0 0 \"\">\n");
s += QStringLiteral("<290 60 400 60 \"\" 0 0 0 \"\">\n");
s += "</Wires>\n";
QApplication::clipboard()->setText(s, QClipboard::Clipboard);
return 0;
}
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// This function generates the schematic of a double box branchline coupler.
// Reference: Kumar, S.; Danshin, Tom, "A Multisection Broadband Impedance Transforming Branchline Quad Hybrid Suitable for MMIC Realization,"
// in Microwave Conference, 1992. 22nd European , vol.2, no., pp.1301-1306, 5-9 Sept. 1992
int QucsPowerCombiningTool::DoubleBoxBranchline(double Z0, double Freq, double K, bool SP_block, bool microcheck, tSubstrate Substrate, double Alpha)
{
double er, width;
double lambda4=SPEED_OF_LIGHT/(4*Freq);
double r=1;
double t = sqrt((1+K)*r);
double ZA = Z0*sqrt(r*(t*t -r))/(t-r);
double ZD = Z0*sqrt(r*(t*t -r))/(t-1);
double ZB = Z0*sqrt(r-(r*r)/(t*t));
QString s = "<Qucs Schematic " PACKAGE_VERSION ">\n"; s += "<Components>\n";
if (SP_block)
{
//Source
s += QStringLiteral("<Pac P1 1 40 -100 18 -26 0 1 \"1\" 1 \"%1 Ohm\" 1 \"0 dBm\" 0 \"1 GHz\" 0>\n").arg(Z0);
s += QStringLiteral("<GND * 1 40 -70 0 0 0 0>\n");
//Output port 1
s += QStringLiteral("<Pac P1 1 500 -100 18 -26 0 1 \"1\" 1 \"%1 Ohm\" 1 \"0 dBm\" 0 \"1 GHz\" 0>\n").arg(Z0);
s += QStringLiteral("<GND * 1 500 -70 0 0 0 0>\n");
//Output port 2
s += QStringLiteral("<Pac P1 1 500 90 18 -26 0 1 \"1\" 1 \"%1 Ohm\" 1 \"0 dBm\" 0 \"1 GHz\" 0>\n").arg(Z0);
s += QStringLiteral("<GND * 1 500 120 0 0 0 0>\n");
//S-parameter analysis component
QString freq_start = QStringLiteral("%1%2").arg(0.5*FreqlineEdit->text().toDouble()).arg(FreqScaleCombo->currentText());
QString freq_stop = QStringLiteral("%1%2").arg(1.5*FreqlineEdit->text().toDouble()).arg(FreqScaleCombo->currentText());
s += QStringLiteral("<.SP SP1 1 200 200 0 67 0 0 \"lin\" 1 \"%2\" 1 \"%3\" 1 \"300\" 1 \"no\" 0 \"1\" 0 \"2\" 0>\n").arg(freq_start).arg(freq_stop);
s += QStringLiteral("<Eqn Eqn1 1 50 200 -28 15 0 0 \"S11_dB=dB(S[1,1])\" 1 \"S21_dB=dB(S[2,1])\" 1 \"S31_dB=dB(S[3,1])\" 1 \"S22_dB=dB(S[2,2])\" 1 \"S33_dB=dB(S[3,3])\" 1 \"yes\" 0>\n");
if (microcheck)s += QStringLiteral("<SUBST Sub1 1 400 200 -30 24 0 0 \"%1\" 1 \"%2mm\" 1 \"%3um\" 1 \"%4\" 1 \"%5\" 1 \"%6\" 1>\n").arg(Substrate.er).arg(Substrate.height*1e3).arg(Substrate.thickness*1e6).arg(Substrate.tand).arg(Substrate.resistivity).arg(Substrate.roughness);
}
//Branch line coupler
if (microcheck)
{
er = Substrate.er;
getMicrostrip(ZB, Freq, &Substrate, width, er);
s += QStringLiteral("<MLIN MS1 1 220 30 -26 20 0 0 \"Sub1\" 0 \"%1\" 1 \"%2\" 1 \"Hammerstad\" 0 \"Kirschning\" 0 \"26.85\" 0>\n").arg(ConvertLengthFromM(width)).arg(ConvertLengthFromM(lambda4/sqrt(er)));
er = Substrate.er;
getMicrostrip(ZB, Freq, &Substrate, width, er);
s += QStringLiteral("<MLIN MS1 1 220 -90 -29 -72 0 0 \"Sub1\" 0 \"%1\" 1 \"%2\" 1 \"Hammerstad\" 0 \"Kirschning\" 0 \"26.85\" 0>\n").arg(ConvertLengthFromM(width)).arg(ConvertLengthFromM(lambda4/sqrt(er)));
er = Substrate.er;
getMicrostrip(ZB, Freq, &Substrate, width, er);
s += QStringLiteral("<MLIN MS1 1 290 -20 19 -33 0 1 \"Sub1\" 0 \"%1\" 1 \"%2\" 1 \"Hammerstad\" 0 \"Kirschning\" 0 \"26.85\" 0>\n").arg(ConvertLengthFromM(width)).arg(ConvertLengthFromM(lambda4/sqrt(er)));
er = Substrate.er;
getMicrostrip(ZB, Freq, &Substrate, width, er);
s += QStringLiteral("<MLIN MS1 1 350 30 -26 20 0 0 \"Sub1\" 0 \"%1\" 1 \"%2\" 1 \"Hammerstad\" 0 \"Kirschning\" 0 \"26.85\" 0>\n").arg(ConvertLengthFromM(width)).arg(ConvertLengthFromM(lambda4/sqrt(er)));
er = Substrate.er;
getMicrostrip(ZB, Freq, &Substrate, width, er);
s += QStringLiteral("<MLIN MS1 1 350 -90 -35 -71 0 0 \"Sub1\" 0 \"%1\" 1 \"%2\" 1 \"Hammerstad\" 0 \"Kirschning\" 0 \"26.85\" 0>\n").arg(ConvertLengthFromM(width)).arg(ConvertLengthFromM(lambda4/sqrt(er)));
er = Substrate.er;
getMicrostrip(ZA, Freq, &Substrate, width, er);
s += QStringLiteral("<MLIN MS1 1 150 -20 -82 -31 0 1 \"Sub1\" 0 \"%1\" 1 \"%2\" 1 \"Hammerstad\" 0 \"Kirschning\" 0 \"26.85\" 0>\n").arg(ConvertLengthFromM(width)).arg(ConvertLengthFromM(lambda4/sqrt(er)));
er = Substrate.er;
getMicrostrip(ZD, Freq, &Substrate, width, er);
s += QStringLiteral("<MLIN MS1 1 420 -20 21 -33 0 1 \"Sub1\" 0 \"%1\" 1 \"%2\" 1 \"Hammerstad\" 0 \"Kirschning\" 0 \"26.85\" 0>\n").arg(ConvertLengthFromM(width)).arg(ConvertLengthFromM(lambda4/sqrt(er)));
}
else
{
s += QStringLiteral("<TLIN Line1 1 220 30 -26 20 0 0 \"%1\" 1 \"%2\" 1 \"%3 dB\" 0 \"26.85\" 0>\n").arg(RoundVariablePrecision(ZB)).arg(ConvertLengthFromM(lambda4)).arg(Alpha);
s += QStringLiteral("<TLIN Line1 1 220 -90 -29 -72 0 0 \"%1\" 1 \"%2\" 1 \"%3 dB\" 0 \"26.85\" 0>\n").arg(RoundVariablePrecision(ZB)).arg(ConvertLengthFromM(lambda4)).arg(Alpha);
s += QStringLiteral("<TLIN Line1 1 290 -20 19 -33 0 1 \"%1\" 1 \"%2\" 1 \"%3 dB\" 0 \"26.85\" 0>\n").arg(RoundVariablePrecision(ZB)).arg(ConvertLengthFromM(lambda4)).arg(Alpha);
s += QStringLiteral("<TLIN Line1 1 350 30 -26 20 0 0 \"%1\" 1 \"%2\" 1 \"%3 dB\" 0 \"26.85\" 0>\n").arg(RoundVariablePrecision(ZB)).arg(ConvertLengthFromM(lambda4)).arg(Alpha);
s += QStringLiteral("<TLIN Line1 1 350 -90 -35 -71 0 0 \"%1\" 1 \"%2\" 1 \"%3 dB\" 0 \"26.85\" 0>\n").arg(RoundVariablePrecision(ZB)).arg(ConvertLengthFromM(lambda4)).arg(Alpha);
s += QStringLiteral("<TLIN Line1 1 150 -20 -82 -31 0 1 \"%1\" 1 \"%2\" 1 \"%3 dB\" 0 \"26.85\" 0>\n").arg(RoundVariablePrecision(ZA)).arg(ConvertLengthFromM(lambda4)).arg(Alpha);
s += QStringLiteral("<TLIN Line1 1 420 -20 21 -33 0 1 \"%1\" 1 \"%2\" 1 \"%3 dB\" 0 \"26.85\" 0>\n").arg(RoundVariablePrecision(ZD)).arg(ConvertLengthFromM(lambda4)).arg(Alpha);
}
s += QStringLiteral("<R R1 1 40 90 30 -26 0 -1 \"%1 Ohm\" 1 \"26.85\" 0 \"US\" 0>\n").arg(Z0);//Isolated port
s += QStringLiteral("<GND * 1 40 120 0 0 0 0>\n");
s += "</Components>\n";
//Wiring
s += "<Wires>\n";
s += QStringLiteral("<290 -90 290 -50 \"\" 0 0 0 \"\">\n");
s += QStringLiteral("<290 10 290 30 \"\" 0 0 0 \"\">\n");
s += QStringLiteral("<290 -90 320 -90 \"\" 0 0 0 \"\">\n");
s += QStringLiteral("<250 -90 290 -90 \"\" 0 0 0 \"\">\n");
s += QStringLiteral("<290 30 320 30 \"\" 0 0 0 \"\">\n");
s += QStringLiteral("<250 30 290 30 \"\" 0 0 0 \"\">\n");
s += QStringLiteral("<380 -90 420 -90 \"\" 0 0 0 \"\">\n");
s += QStringLiteral("<420 -90 420 -50 \"\" 0 0 0 \"\">\n");
s += QStringLiteral("<380 30 420 30 \"\" 0 0 0 \"\">\n");
s += QStringLiteral("<420 10 420 30 \"\" 0 0 0 \"\">\n");
s += QStringLiteral("<40 30 40 60 \"\" 0 0 0 \"\">\n");
s += QStringLiteral("<40 30 150 30 \"\" 0 0 0 \"\">\n");
s += QStringLiteral("<150 30 190 30 \"\" 0 0 0 \"\">\n");
s += QStringLiteral("<150 10 150 30 \"\" 0 0 0 \"\">\n");
s += QStringLiteral("<150 -90 150 -50 \"\" 0 0 0 \"\">\n");
s += QStringLiteral("<150 -90 190 -90 \"\" 0 0 0 \"\">\n");
s += QStringLiteral("<420 -160 420 -90 \"\" 0 0 0 \"\">\n");
s += QStringLiteral("<420 -160 500 -160 \"\" 0 0 0 \"\">\n");
s += QStringLiteral("<500 -160 500 -130 \"\" 0 0 0 \"\">\n");
s += QStringLiteral("<500 30 500 60 \"\" 0 0 0 \"\">\n");
s += QStringLiteral("<420 30 500 30 \"\" 0 0 0 \"\">\n");
s += QStringLiteral("<130 -160 150 -90 \"\" 0 0 0 \"\">\n");
s += QStringLiteral("<40 -160 150 -160 \"\" 0 0 0 \"\">\n");
s += QStringLiteral("<40 -160 40 -130 \"\" 0 0 0 \"\">\n");
s += "</Wires>\n";
QApplication::clipboard()->setText(s, QClipboard::Clipboard);
return 0;
}
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// This function generates the schematic of a N-way Bagley combiner (N odd)
// Reference: "High Efficiency RF and Microwave Solid State Power Amplifiers". Paolo Colantonio, Franco Giannini and Ernesto Limiti, 2009, Wiley. Pg. 411
int QucsPowerCombiningTool::Bagley(double Z0, double Freq, int N, bool SP_block, bool microcheck, tSubstrate Substrate, double Alpha)
{
if (N % 2 == 0)
{
N++;
QString str = QStringLiteral("The number of outputs must be an odd number. N=%1 will be used instead").arg(N);
QMessageBox::warning(this, tr("Bagley"), str, QMessageBox::Close);
}
double er, width;
double lambda4=SPEED_OF_LIGHT/(4*Freq);
double lambda2=lambda4*2;
double Zbranch = 2*Z0/sqrt(N);
QString s = "<Qucs Schematic " PACKAGE_VERSION ">\n";
s += "<Components>\n";
if (SP_block)
{
//Source
s += QStringLiteral("<Pac P1 1 0 -60 18 -26 0 1 \"1\" 1 \"%1 Ohm\" 1 \"0 dBm\" 0 \"1 GHz\" 0>\n").arg(Z0);
s += QStringLiteral("<GND * 1 0 -30 0 0 0 0>\n");
QString freq_start = QStringLiteral("%1%2").arg(0.5*FreqlineEdit->text().toDouble()).arg(FreqScaleCombo->currentText());
QString freq_stop = QStringLiteral("%1%2").arg(1.5*FreqlineEdit->text().toDouble()).arg(FreqScaleCombo->currentText());
s += QStringLiteral("<.SP SP1 1 200 200 0 67 0 0 \"lin\" 1 \"%2\" 1 \"%3\" 1 \"300\" 1 \"no\" 0 \"1\" 0 \"2\" 0>\n").arg(freq_start).arg(freq_stop);
//Equations
QString str = QStringLiteral(" \"S11_dB=dB(S[1,1])\" 1 ");
for (int i=2;i<=N+1; i++)
{
str += QStringLiteral("\"S%1%2_dB=dB(S[%1,1])\" 1 ").arg(i).arg(1);
str += QStringLiteral("\"S%1%1_dB=dB(S[%1,%1])\" 1 ").arg(i);
}
s += QStringLiteral("<Eqn Eqn1 1 50 200 -28 15 0 0") + str + QStringLiteral("\"yes\" 0>\n");
if (microcheck)s += QStringLiteral("<SUBST Sub1 1 400 200 -30 24 0 0 \"%1\" 1 \"%2mm\" 1 \"%3um\" 1 \"%4\" 1 \"%5\" 1 \"%6\" 1>\n").arg(Substrate.er).arg(Substrate.height*1e3).arg(Substrate.thickness*1e6).arg(Substrate.tand).arg(Substrate.resistivity).arg(Substrate.roughness);
}
//Input section
if (microcheck)
{
er = Substrate.er;
getMicrostrip(Zbranch, Freq, &Substrate, width, er);
s += QStringLiteral("<MLIN MS1 1 100 -140 21 -28 0 1 \"Sub1\" 0 \"%1\" 1 \"%2\" 1 \"Hammerstad\" 0 \"Kirschning\" 0 \"26.85\" 0>\n").arg(ConvertLengthFromM(width)).arg(ConvertLengthFromM(lambda4/sqrt(er)));
er = Substrate.er;
getMicrostrip(Zbranch, Freq, &Substrate, width, er);
s += QStringLiteral("<MLIN MS1 1 100 -30 19 -60 0 1 \"Sub1\" 0 \"%1\" 1 \"%2\" 1 \"Hammerstad\" 0 \"Kirschning\" 0 \"26.85\" 0>\n").arg(ConvertLengthFromM(width)).arg(ConvertLengthFromM(lambda4/sqrt(er)));
}
else
{
s += QStringLiteral("<TLIN Line1 1 100 -140 21 -28 0 1 \"%1 Ohm\" 1 \"%2\" 1 \"%3 dB\" 0 \"26.85\" 0>\n").arg(RoundVariablePrecision(Zbranch)).arg(ConvertLengthFromM(lambda4)).arg(Alpha);
s += QStringLiteral("<TLIN Line1 1 100 -30 19 -60 0 1 \"%1 Ohm\" 1 \"%2\" 1 \"%3 dB\" 0 \"26.85\" 0>\n").arg(RoundVariablePrecision(Zbranch)).arg(ConvertLengthFromM(lambda4)).arg(Alpha);
}
//Output branches
int x = 240;
s += QStringLiteral("<Pac P1 1 %1 60 18 -26 0 1 \"1\" 1 \"%2 Ohm\" 1 \"0 dBm\" 0 \"1 GHz\" 0>\n").arg(x-100).arg(Z0);
s += QStringLiteral("<GND * 1 %1 90 0 0 0 0>\n").arg(x-100);
for (int i=1;i<N; i++)
{
if (microcheck)
{
er = Substrate.er;
getMicrostrip(Zbranch, Freq, &Substrate, width, er);
s += QStringLiteral("<MLIN MS1 1 %1 30 -34 -73 0 0 \"Sub1\" 0 \"%2\" 1 \"%3\" 1 \"Hammerstad\" 0 \"Kirschning\" 0 \"26.85\" 0>\n").arg(x).arg(ConvertLengthFromM(width)).arg(ConvertLengthFromM(lambda2/sqrt(er)));
}
else
{
s += QStringLiteral("<TLIN Line1 1 %1 30 -34 -73 0 0 \"%2 Ohm\" 1 \"%3\" 1 \"%4 dB\" 0 \"26.85\" 0>\n").arg(x).arg(RoundVariablePrecision(Zbranch)).arg(ConvertLengthFromM(lambda2)).arg(Alpha);
}
x+=100;
if (SP_block)
{
//i-th output port
s += QStringLiteral("<Pac P1 1 %1 60 18 -26 0 1 \"1\" 1 \"%2 Ohm\" 1 \"0 dBm\" 0 \"1 GHz\" 0>\n").arg(x).arg(Z0);
s += QStringLiteral("<GND * 1 %1 90 0 0 0 0>\n").arg(x);
}
x+=100;
}
s += "</Components>\n";
//Wiring
s += "<Wires>\n";
s += QStringLiteral("<0 -90 100 -90 \"\" 0 0 0>\n");//Source to lambda/4 lines
s += QStringLiteral("<100 -110 100 -60 \"\" 0 0 0>\n");//lambda/4 lines
s += QStringLiteral("<100 30 140 30 \"\" 0 0 0>\n");//Lower lambda/4 line to the first lambda/2 section
s += QStringLiteral("<100 30 100 0 \"\" 0 0 0>\n");//Lower lambda/4 line to the first lambda/2 section
//Wiring the rest of the lambda/2 sections
x=140;
for (int i=1;i<N;i++)
{
s += QStringLiteral("<%1 30 %2 30 \"\" 0 0 0>\n").arg(x).arg(x+70);
s += QStringLiteral("<%1 30 %2 30 \"\" 0 0 0>\n").arg(x+130).arg(x+200);
x+=200;
}
s += QStringLiteral("<%1 30 %2 30 \"\" 0 0 0>\n").arg(x).arg(x+30);
s += QStringLiteral("<%1 30 %1 -200 \"\" 0 0 0>\n").arg(x+30);//Final lambda/2 section to the upper lambda/4 section. Vertical line
s += QStringLiteral("<100 -200 %1 -200 \"\" 0 0 0>\n").arg(x+30);//Final lambda/2 section to the upper lambda/4 section. Horizontal line
s += QStringLiteral("<100 -170 100 -200 \"\" 0 0 0>\n");
s += "</Wires>\n";
QApplication::clipboard()->setText(s, QClipboard::Clipboard);
return 0;
}
//---------------------------------------------------------------------------
// This function generates a Gysel combiner
int QucsPowerCombiningTool::Gysel(double Z0, double Freq, bool SP_block, bool microcheck, tSubstrate Substrate, double Alpha)
{
double er, width;
double lambda4=SPEED_OF_LIGHT/(4*Freq);
QString s = "<Qucs Schematic " PACKAGE_VERSION ">\n";
s += "<Components>\n";
if (SP_block)
{
//Source
s += QStringLiteral("<Pac P1 1 0 0 18 -26 0 1 \"1\" 1 \"%1 Ohm\" 1 \"0 dBm\" 0 \"1 GHz\" 0>\n").arg(Z0);
s += QStringLiteral("<GND * 1 0 30 0 0 0 0>\n");
//Output port 1
s += QStringLiteral("<Pac P1 1 30 140 -96 -27 0 1 \"1\" 1 \"%1 Ohm\" 1 \"0 dBm\" 0 \"1 GHz\" 0>\n").arg(Z0);
s += QStringLiteral("<GND * 1 30 170 0 0 0 0>\n");
//Output port 2
s += QStringLiteral("<Pac P1 1 30 -160 -96 -27 0 1 \"1\" 1 \"%1 Ohm\" 1 \"0 dBm\" 0 \"1 GHz\" 0>\n").arg(Z0);
s += QStringLiteral("<GND * 1 30 -130 0 0 0 0>\n");
//S-parameter analysis component
QString freq_start = QStringLiteral("%1%2").arg(0.5*FreqlineEdit->text().toDouble()).arg(FreqScaleCombo->currentText());
QString freq_stop = QStringLiteral("%1%2").arg(1.5*FreqlineEdit->text().toDouble()).arg(FreqScaleCombo->currentText());
s += QStringLiteral("<.SP SP1 1 200 200 0 67 0 0 \"lin\" 1 \"%2\" 1 \"%3\" 1 \"300\" 1 \"no\" 0 \"1\" 0 \"2\" 0>\n").arg(freq_start).arg(freq_stop);
s += QStringLiteral("<Eqn Eqn1 1 50 250 -28 15 0 0 \"S11_dB=dB(S[1,1])\" 1 \"S21_dB=dB(S[2,1])\" 1 \"S31_dB=dB(S[3,1])\" 1 \"S22_dB=dB(S[2,2])\" 1 \"S33_dB=dB(S[3,3])\" 1 \"yes\" 0>\n");
if (microcheck)s += QStringLiteral("<SUBST Sub1 1 400 250 -30 24 0 0 \"%1\" 1 \"%2mm\" 1 \"%3um\" 1 \"%4\" 1 \"%5\" 1 \"%6\" 1>\n").arg(Substrate.er).arg(Substrate.height*1e3).arg(Substrate.thickness*1e6).arg(Substrate.tand).arg(Substrate.resistivity).arg(Substrate.roughness);
}
if (microcheck)
{
er = Substrate.er;
getMicrostrip(sqrt(2)*Z0, Freq, &Substrate, width, er);
s += QStringLiteral("<MLIN MS1 1 120 -70 21 -30 0 1 \"Sub1\" 0 \"%1\" 1 \"%2\" 1 \"Hammerstad\" 0 \"Kirschning\" 0 \"26.85\" 0>\n").arg(ConvertLengthFromM(width)).arg(ConvertLengthFromM(lambda4/sqrt(er)));
er = Substrate.er;
getMicrostrip(sqrt(2)*Z0, Freq, &Substrate, width, er);
s += QStringLiteral("<MLIN MS1 1 120 40 18 -27 0 1 \"Sub1\" 0 \"%1\" 1 \"%2\" 1 \"Hammerstad\" 0 \"Kirschning\" 0 \"26.85\" 0>\n").arg(ConvertLengthFromM(width)).arg(ConvertLengthFromM(lambda4/sqrt(er)));
er = Substrate.er;
getMicrostrip(Z0, Freq, &Substrate, width, er);
s += QStringLiteral("<MLIN MS1 1 220 -130 -42 -68 0 0 \"Sub1\" 0 \"%1\" 1 \"%2\" 1 \"Hammerstad\" 0 \"Kirschning\" 0 \"26.85\" 0>\n").arg(ConvertLengthFromM(width)).arg(ConvertLengthFromM(lambda4/sqrt(er)));
er = Substrate.er;
getMicrostrip(Z0, Freq, &Substrate, width, er);
s += QStringLiteral("<MLIN MS1 1 220 100 -26 20 0 0 \"Sub1\" 0 \"%1\" 1 \"%2\" 1 \"Hammerstad\" 0 \"Kirschning\" 0 \"26.85\" 0>\n").arg(ConvertLengthFromM(width)).arg(ConvertLengthFromM(lambda4/sqrt(er)));
er = Substrate.er;
getMicrostrip(Z0/sqrt(2), Freq, &Substrate, width, er);
s += QStringLiteral("<MLIN MS1 1 320 -20 18 -32 0 1 \"Sub1\" 0 \"%1\" 1 \"%2\" 1 \"Hammerstad\" 0 \"Kirschning\" 0 \"26.85\" 0>\n").arg(ConvertLengthFromM(width)).arg(ConvertLengthFromM(2*lambda4/sqrt(er)));
}
else
{
s += QStringLiteral("<TLIN Line1 1 120 -70 21 -30 0 1 \"%1 Ohm\" 1 \"%2\" 1 \"%3 dB\" 0 \"26.85\" 0>\n").arg(RoundVariablePrecision(sqrt(2)*Z0)).arg(ConvertLengthFromM(lambda4)).arg(Alpha);
s += QStringLiteral("<TLIN Line1 1 120 40 18 -27 0 1 \"%1 Ohm\" 1 \"%2\" 1 \"%3 dB\" 0 \"26.85\" 0>\n").arg(RoundVariablePrecision(sqrt(2)*Z0)).arg(ConvertLengthFromM(lambda4)).arg(Alpha);
s += QStringLiteral("<TLIN Line1 1 220 -130 -42 -68 0 0 \"%1 Ohm\" 1 \"%2\" 1 \"%3 dB\" 0 \"26.85\" 0>\n").arg(Z0).arg(ConvertLengthFromM(lambda4)).arg(Alpha);
s += QStringLiteral("<TLIN Line1 1 220 100 -26 20 0 0 \"%1 Ohm\" 1 \"%2\" 1 \"%3 dB\" 0 \"26.85\" 0>\n").arg(Z0).arg(ConvertLengthFromM(lambda4)).arg(Alpha);
s += QStringLiteral("<TLIN Line1 1 320 -20 18 -32 0 1 \"%1 Ohm\" 1 \"%2\" 1 \"%3 dB\" 0 \"26.85\" 0>\n").arg(RoundVariablePrecision(Z0/sqrt(2))).arg(ConvertLengthFromM(2*lambda4)).arg(Alpha);
}
//Resistors
s += QStringLiteral("<R R1 1 400 -160 19 -16 0 3 \"%1 Ohm\" 1 \"26.85\" 0 \"US\" 0>\n").arg(Z0);//Isolation resistor
s += QStringLiteral("<GND * 1 400 -130 0 0 0 0>\n");
s += QStringLiteral("<R R1 1 400 130 19 -16 0 3 \"%1 Ohm\" 1 \"26.85\" 0 \"US\" 0>\n").arg(Z0);//Isolation resistor
s += QStringLiteral("<GND * 1 400 160 0 0 0 0>\n");
s += "</Components>\n";
s += "<Wires>\n";
s += QStringLiteral("<120 70 120 100 \"\" 0 0 0 \"\">\n");//Source to the lines at the input
s += QStringLiteral("<120 -130 120 -100 \"\" 0 0 0 \"\">\n");//Line between the two lines at the input
s += QStringLiteral("<120 -130 190 -130 \"\" 0 0 0 \"\">\n");
s += QStringLiteral("<120 -200 120 -130 \"\" 0 0 0 \"\">\n");
s += QStringLiteral("<250 -130 320 -130 \"\" 0 0 0 \"\">\n");
s += QStringLiteral("<320 -130 320 -50 \"\" 0 0 0 \"\">\n");
s += QStringLiteral("<120 100 190 100 \"\" 0 0 0 \"\">\n");//Line between the line on the top to the upper resistor
s += QStringLiteral("<250 100 320 100 \"\" 0 0 0 \"\">\n");//Line between the line on the top to the lower resistor
s += QStringLiteral("<320 10 320 100 \"\" 0 0 0 \"\">\n");
s += QStringLiteral("<30 -200 120 -200 \"\" 0 0 0 \"\">\n");
s += QStringLiteral("<30 -200 30 -190 \"\" 0 0 0 \"\">\n");
s += QStringLiteral("<400 -200 400 -190 \"\" 0 0 0 \"\">\n");
s += QStringLiteral("<320 -200 320 -130 \"\" 0 0 0 \"\">\n");
s += QStringLiteral("<320 -200 400 -200 \"\" 0 0 0 \"\">\n");
s += QStringLiteral("<320 100 400 100 \"\" 0 0 0 \"\">\n");
s += QStringLiteral("<30 100 120 100 \"\" 0 0 0 \"\">\n");
s += QStringLiteral("<30 100 30 110 \"\" 0 0 0 \"\">\n");
s += QStringLiteral("<120 -40 120 -30 \"\" 0 0 0 \"\">\n");
s += QStringLiteral("<120 -30 120 10 \"\" 0 0 0 \"\">\n");
s += QStringLiteral("<0 -30 120 -30 \"\" 0 0 0 \"\">\n");
s += "</Wires>\n";
QApplication::clipboard()->setText(s, QClipboard::Clipboard);
return 0;
}
int QucsPowerCombiningTool::TravellingWave(double Z0, double Freq, int N, bool SP_block, bool microcheck, tSubstrate Substrate, double Alpha)
{
double er, width;
double lambda4=SPEED_OF_LIGHT/(4*Freq);
QString wirestr = "<Wires>\n", str;
QString s = "<Qucs Schematic " PACKAGE_VERSION ">\n";
s += "<Components>\n";
if (SP_block)
{
//Source
s += QStringLiteral("<Pac P1 1 0 30 18 -26 0 1 \"1\" 1 \"%1 Ohm\" 1 \"0 dBm\" 0 \"1 GHz\" 0>\n").arg(Z0);
s += QStringLiteral("<GND * 1 0 60 0 0 0 0>\n");
wirestr +=QStringLiteral("<0 0 0 -30 \"\" 0 0 0>\n");//Vertical wire
wirestr +=QStringLiteral("<0 -30 40 -30 \"\" 0 0 0>\n");//Horizontal wire
//S-parameter analysis component
QString freq_start = QStringLiteral("%1%2").arg(0.5*FreqlineEdit->text().toDouble()).arg(FreqScaleCombo->currentText());
QString freq_stop = QStringLiteral("%1%2").arg(1.5*FreqlineEdit->text().toDouble()).arg(FreqScaleCombo->currentText());
s += QStringLiteral("<.SP SP1 1 200 200 0 67 0 0 \"lin\" 1 \"%2\" 1 \"%3\" 1 \"300\" 1 \"no\" 0 \"1\" 0 \"2\" 0>\n").arg(freq_start).arg(freq_stop);
// Equations
str = QStringLiteral("\"S11_dB=dB(S[1,1])\" 1 ");
for (int i=2;i<=N+1; i++)
{
str += QStringLiteral("\"S%1%2_dB=dB(S[%1,1])\" 1 ").arg(i).arg(1);
str += QStringLiteral("\"S%1%1_dB=dB(S[%1,%1])\" 1 ").arg(i);
}
s += QStringLiteral("<Eqn Eqn1 1 50 200 -28 15 0 0 ") + str + QStringLiteral("\"yes\" 0>\n");
if (microcheck)s += QStringLiteral("<SUBST Sub1 1 400 200 -30 24 0 0 \"%1\" 1 \"%2mm\" 1 \"%3um\" 1 \"%4\" 1 \"%5\" 1 \"%6\" 1>\n").arg(Substrate.er).arg(Substrate.height*1e3).arg(Substrate.thickness*1e6).arg(Substrate.tand).arg(Substrate.resistivity).arg(Substrate.roughness);
}
QString wilkstr, aux_str, aux_str_2;
double Z2, Z3, R, R2, R3;
int x=100;
int spacing = 350;
for (int n = N-1; n>0;n--)
{
wilkstr = CalculateWilkinson(Z0, sqrt(n));
Z2 = wilkstr.section(';', 0, 0).toDouble();
Z3 = wilkstr.section(';', 1, 1).toDouble();
R = wilkstr.section(';', 2, 2).toDouble();
R2 = wilkstr.section(';', 3, 3).toDouble();
R3 = wilkstr.section(';', 4, 4).toDouble();
wirestr +=QStringLiteral("<%1 -30 %2 -30 \"\" 0 0 0>\n").arg(x-60).arg(x-30);
wirestr +=QStringLiteral("<%1 -30 %2 -30 \"\" 0 0 0>\n").arg(x+30).arg(x+60);
wirestr +=QStringLiteral("<%1 30 %2 30 \"\" 0 0 0>\n").arg(x+60).arg(x+100);
wirestr +=QStringLiteral("<%1 -90 %2 -90 \"\" 0 0 0>\n").arg(x+60).arg(x+100);
wirestr +=QStringLiteral("<%1 -90 %1 30 \"\" 0 0 0>\n").arg(x+60);
wirestr +=QStringLiteral("<%1 30 %2 30 \"\" 0 0 0>\n").arg(x+160).arg(x+200);
wirestr +=QStringLiteral("<%1 -90 %2 -90 \"\" 0 0 0>\n").arg(x+160).arg(x+200);
wirestr +=QStringLiteral("<%1 30 %2 30 \"\" 0 0 0>\n").arg(x+260).arg(x+350);
wirestr +=QStringLiteral("<%1 -90 %2 -90 \"\" 0 0 0>\n").arg(x+260).arg(x+290);
wirestr +=QStringLiteral("<%1 30 %1 60 \"\" 0 0 0>\n").arg(x+350);
//Wiring the isolation resistor
wirestr +=QStringLiteral("<%1 30 %1 10 \"\" 0 0 0>\n").arg(x+190);
wirestr +=QStringLiteral("<%1 -90 %1 -50 \"\" 0 0 0>\n").arg(x+190);
if(n>1)wirestr +=QStringLiteral("<%1 -90 %1 -30 \"\" 0 0 0>\n").arg(x+290);
if(n==1)wirestr +=QStringLiteral("<%1 -90 %2 -90 \"\" 0 0 0>\n").arg(x+290).arg(x+350);//Last power combiner
if (microcheck)
{
er = Substrate.er;
getMicrostrip(Z0, Freq, &Substrate, width, er);
s += QStringLiteral("<MLIN MS1 1 %3 -30 -38 -80 0 0 \"Sub1\" 0 \"%1\" 1 \"%2\" 1 \"Hammerstad\" 0 \"Kirschning\" 0 \"26.85\" 0>\n").arg(ConvertLengthFromM(width)).arg(ConvertLengthFromM(lambda4/sqrt(er))).arg(x);
er = Substrate.er;
getMicrostrip(Z3, Freq, &Substrate, width, er);
s += QStringLiteral("<MLIN MS1 1 %3 -90 -40 -80 0 0 \"Sub1\" 0 \"%1\" 1 \"%2\" 1 \"Hammerstad\" 0 \"Kirschning\" 0 \"26.85\" 0>\n").arg(ConvertLengthFromM(width)).arg(ConvertLengthFromM(lambda4/sqrt(er))).arg(x+130);
er = Substrate.er;
getMicrostrip(Z2, Freq, &Substrate, width, er);
s += QStringLiteral("<MLIN MS1 1 %3 30 -26 20 0 0 \"Sub1\" 0 \"%1\" 1 \"%2\" 1 \"Hammerstad\" 0 \"Kirschning\" 0 \"26.85\" 0>\n").arg(ConvertLengthFromM(width)).arg(ConvertLengthFromM(lambda4/sqrt(er))).arg(x+130);
}
else
{
aux_str = ConvertLengthFromM(lambda4);
s += QStringLiteral("<TLIN Line1 1 %1 -30 -38 -68 0 0 \"%2 Ohm\" 1 \"%3\" 1 \"%4 dB\" 0 \"26.85\" 0>\n").arg(x).arg(Z0).arg(aux_str).arg(Alpha);//Z0 line
s += QStringLiteral("<TLIN Line1 1 %1 -90 -40 -70 0 0 \"%2 Ohm\" 1 \"%3\" 1 \"%4 dB\" 0 \"26.85\" 0>\n").arg(x+130).arg(RoundVariablePrecision(Z3)).arg(aux_str).arg(Alpha);//Output branch 1
s += QStringLiteral("<TLIN Line1 1 %1 30 -26 20 0 0 \"%2 Ohm\" 1 \"%3\" 1 \"%4 dB\" 0 \"26.85\" 0>\n").arg(x+130).arg(RoundVariablePrecision(Z2)).arg(aux_str).arg(Alpha);//Output branch 2
}
s += QStringLiteral("<R R1 1 %1 -20 30 -26 0 -1 \"%2 Ohm\" 1 \"26.85\" 0 \"US\" 0>\n").arg(x+190).arg(RoundVariablePrecision(R));//Isolation resistor
if ((R2!=50)||(R3 != 50))
{// An unequal power ratio implies that the load impedance != 50, so it requires matching.
if (microcheck)
{
er = Substrate.er;
getMicrostrip(sqrt(Z0*R3), Freq, &Substrate, width, er);
aux_str = ConvertLengthFromM(lambda4/sqrt(er));
aux_str_2 = ConvertLengthFromM(width);
s += QStringLiteral("<MLIN MS1 1 %3 -90 -40 -80 0 0 \"Sub1\" 0 \"%1\" 1 \"%2\" 1 \"Hammerstad\" 0 \"Kirschning\" 0 \"26.85\" 0>\n").arg(aux_str_2).arg(aux_str).arg(x+230);
er = Substrate.er;
getMicrostrip(sqrt(Z0*R2), Freq, &Substrate, width, er);
aux_str = ConvertLengthFromM(lambda4/sqrt(er));
aux_str_2 = ConvertLengthFromM(width);
s += QStringLiteral("<MLIN MS1 1 %3 30 -26 20 0 0 \"Sub1\" 0 \"%1\" 1 \"%2\" 1 \"Hammerstad\" 0 \"Kirschning\" 0 \"26.85\" 0>\n").arg(aux_str_2).arg(aux_str).arg(x+230);
}
else
{
s += QStringLiteral("<TLIN Line1 1 %1 -90 -40 -70 0 0 \"%2 Ohm\" 1 \"%3\" 1 \"%4 dB\" 0 \"26.85\" 0>\n").arg(x+230).arg(RoundVariablePrecision(sqrt(Z0*R3))).arg(ConvertLengthFromM(lambda4)).arg(Alpha);//Quarter wave matching output branch 1
s += QStringLiteral("<TLIN Line1 1 %1 30 -26 20 0 0 \"%2 Ohm\" 1 \"%3\" 1 \"%4 dB\" 0 \"26.85\" 0>\n").arg(x+230).arg(RoundVariablePrecision(sqrt(Z0*R2))).arg(ConvertLengthFromM(lambda4)).arg(Alpha);//Quarter wave matching output branch 2
}
}
else
{
wirestr +=QStringLiteral("<%1 30 %2 30 \"\" 0 0 0>\n").arg(x+200).arg(x+260);
wirestr +=QStringLiteral("<%1 -90 %2 -90 \"\" 0 0 0>\n").arg(x+200).arg(x+260);
}
x+=spacing;
if(SP_block)//Add output terms
{
s += QStringLiteral("<Pac P1 1 %1 90 18 -26 0 1 \"1\" 1 \"%2 Ohm\" 1 \"0 dBm\" 0 \"1 GHz\" 0>\n").arg(x).arg(Z0);
s += QStringLiteral("<GND * 1 %1 120 0 0 0 0>\n").arg(x);
if(n==1)//The last Wilkinson divider
{
s += QStringLiteral("<Pac P1 1 %1 -60 18 -26 0 1 \"1\" 1 \"%2 Ohm\" 1 \"0 dBm\" 0 \"1 GHz\" 0>\n").arg(x).arg(Z0);
s += QStringLiteral("<GND * 1 %1 -30 0 0 0 0>\n").arg(x);
}
}
}
s += "</Components>\n";
wirestr+="</Wires>\n";;
s += wirestr;
QApplication::clipboard()->setText(s, QClipboard::Clipboard);
return 0;
}
int QucsPowerCombiningTool::Tree(double Z0, double Freq, int N, bool SP_block, bool microcheck, tSubstrate Substrate, double Alpha)
{
if ((N & (N - 1)) != 0)//Checking if the number of outputs is power of 2
{
N = pow(2, ceil(log(N)/log(2)));//Rounding to the next power of 2
QString str = QStringLiteral("The number of outputs must be a power of 2. A %1-way combiner will be designed").arg(N);
QMessageBox::warning(this, tr("Tree combiner"), str, QMessageBox::Close);
}
double er, width;
double lambda4=SPEED_OF_LIGHT/(4*Freq);
double Zbranch = sqrt(2)*Z0;
QString wirestr = "<Wires>\n", str;
QString s = "<Qucs Schematic " PACKAGE_VERSION ">\n";
s += "<Components>\n";
int x=0;
int y=60, yaux;//Separation between the output branches of a single Wilkinson divider
int sp=60, spaux;//Vertical spacing between Wilkinson splitters
int offset=0,offsetaux=offset;//Vertical coordinate of the dividers
for (int n=N/2;n>=1;n=pow(2, floor(log(n-1)/log(2))))
{//It starts drawing the last sections so as to avoid overlapping
if (n!=N/2)
{
offset = offsetaux + yaux+0.5*spaux;
offsetaux=offset;
}
for (int i=1; i<= n; i++)
{
if (microcheck)
{
er = Substrate.er;
getMicrostrip(Z0, Freq, &Substrate, width, er);
s += QStringLiteral("<MLIN MS1 1 %3 %4 -26 20 0 0 \"Sub1\" 0 \"%1\" 0 \"%2\" 0 \"Hammerstad\" 0 \"Kirschning\" 0 \"26.85\" 0>\n").arg(ConvertLengthFromM(width)).arg(ConvertLengthFromM(lambda4/sqrt(er))).arg(x).arg(offset);
er = Substrate.er;
getMicrostrip(Zbranch, Freq, &Substrate, width, er);
s += QStringLiteral("<MLIN MS1 1 %3 %4 -26 20 0 0 \"Sub1\" 0 \"%1\" 0 \"%2\" 0 \"Hammerstad\" 0 \"Kirschning\" 0 \"26.85\" 0>\n").arg(ConvertLengthFromM(width)).arg(ConvertLengthFromM(lambda4/sqrt(er))).arg(x+100).arg(y+offset);
er = Substrate.er;
getMicrostrip(Zbranch, Freq, &Substrate, width, er);
s += QStringLiteral("<MLIN MS1 1 %3 %4 -26 20 0 0 \"Sub1\" 0 \"%1\" 0 \"%2\" 0 \"Hammerstad\" 0 \"Kirschning\" 0 \"26.85\" 0>\n").arg(ConvertLengthFromM(width)).arg(ConvertLengthFromM(lambda4/sqrt(er))).arg(x+100).arg(-y+offset);
}
else
{
s += QStringLiteral("<TLIN Line1 1 %1 %2 -26 20 0 0 \"%3\" 0 \"%4\" 0 \"%5 dB\" 0 \"26.85\" 0>\n").arg(x).arg(offset).arg(Z0).arg(ConvertLengthFromM(lambda4)).arg(Alpha);//Z0 line
s += QStringLiteral("<TLIN Line1 1 %1 %2 -26 20 0 0 \"%3\" 0 \"%4\" 0 \"%5 dB\" 0 \"26.85\" 0>\n").arg(x+100).arg(y+offset).arg(Zbranch).arg(ConvertLengthFromM(lambda4)).arg(Alpha);//Output branch 1
s += QStringLiteral("<TLIN Line1 1 %1 %2 -26 20 0 0 \"%3\" 0 \"%4\" 0 \"%5 dB\" 0 \"26.85\" 0>\n").arg(x+100).arg(-y+offset).arg(Zbranch).arg(ConvertLengthFromM(lambda4)).arg(Alpha);//Output branch 2
}
s += QStringLiteral("<R R1 1 %1 %2 15 -26 0 -1 \"%3 Ohm\" 1 \"26.85\" 0 \"US\" 0>\n").arg(x+160).arg(offset).arg(2*Z0);//Isolation resistor
wirestr +=QStringLiteral("<%1 %3 %2 %3 \"\" 0 0 0>\n").arg(x+30).arg(x+70).arg(y+offset);
wirestr +=QStringLiteral("<%1 %3 %2 %3 \"\" 0 0 0>\n").arg(x+30).arg(x+70).arg(-y+offset);
wirestr +=QStringLiteral("<%1 %2 %1 %3 \"\" 0 0 0>\n").arg(x+30).arg(y+offset).arg(-y+offset);
wirestr +=QStringLiteral("<%1 %3 %2 %3 \"\" 0 0 0>\n").arg(x+130).arg(x+170).arg(y+offset);
wirestr +=QStringLiteral("<%1 %3 %2 %3 \"\" 0 0 0>\n").arg(x+130).arg(x+170).arg(-y+offset);
//Wiring the isolation resistor
wirestr +=QStringLiteral("<%1 %2 %1 %3 \"\" 0 0 0>\n").arg(x+160).arg(y+offset).arg(offset+30);
wirestr +=QStringLiteral("<%1 %2 %1 %3 \"\" 0 0 0>\n").arg(x+160).arg(-y+offset).arg(offset-30);
if (SP_block)
{
if (n==1)//Source
{
int sindex=s.indexOf("<Components>\n");
s.insert(sindex+13, QStringLiteral("<Pac P1 1 %2 %3 18 -26 0 1 \"1\" 1 \"%1 Ohm\" 1 \"0 dBm\" 0 \"1 GHz\" 0>\n").arg(Z0).arg(x-100).arg(offset+50));
s += QStringLiteral("<GND * 1 %1 %2 0 0 0 0>\n").arg(x-100).arg(offset+80);
wirestr +=QStringLiteral("<%1 %2 %1 %3 \"\" 0 0 0>\n").arg(x-100).arg(offset+20).arg(offset);//Vertical wire
wirestr +=QStringLiteral("<%2 %1 %3 %1 \"\" 0 0 0>\n").arg(offset).arg(x-100).arg(x-30);//Horizontal wire
//S-parameter analysis component
QString freq_start = QStringLiteral("%1%2").arg((1/N)*FreqlineEdit->text().toDouble()).arg(FreqScaleCombo->currentText());
QString freq_stop = QStringLiteral("%1%2").arg((2+1/N)*FreqlineEdit->text().toDouble()).arg(FreqScaleCombo->currentText());
s += QStringLiteral("<.SP SP1 1 %3 %4 0 67 0 0 \"lin\" 1 \"%1\" 1 \"%2\" 1 \"300\" 1 \"no\" 0 \"1\" 0 \"2\" 0>\n").arg(freq_start).arg(freq_stop).arg(x-200).arg(offset+200);
// Equations
str = QStringLiteral("\"S11_dB=dB(S[1,1])\" 1 ");
for (int i=2;i<=N+1; i++)
{
str += QStringLiteral("\"S%1%2_dB=dB(S[%1,1])\" 1 ").arg(i).arg(1);
str += QStringLiteral("\"S%1%1_dB=dB(S[%1,%1])\" 1 ").arg(i);
}
s += QStringLiteral("<Eqn Eqn1 1 %1 %2 -28 15 0 0 ").arg(x-400).arg(offset+200) + str + QStringLiteral("\"yes\" 0>\n");
if (microcheck)s += QStringLiteral("<SUBST Sub1 1 400 200 -30 24 0 0 \"%1\" 1 \"%2mm\" 1 \"%3um\" 1 \"%4\" 1 \"%5\" 1 \"%6\" 1>\n").arg(Substrate.er).arg(Substrate.height*1e3).arg(Substrate.thickness*1e6).arg(Substrate.tand).arg(Substrate.resistivity).arg(Substrate.roughness);
}
if(n==N/2)//Loads
{
s += QStringLiteral("<Pac P1 1 %2 %3 45 -29 0 0 \"1\" 1 \"%1 Ohm\" 1 \"0 dBm\" 0 \"1 GHz\" 0>\n").arg(Z0).arg(x+200).arg(offset+y);
s += QStringLiteral("<GND * 1 %1 %2 0 0 0 0>\n").arg(x+230).arg(offset+y);
s += QStringLiteral("<Pac P1 1 %2 %3 45 -29 0 0 \"1\" 1 \"%1 Ohm\" 1 \"0 dBm\" 0 \"1 GHz\" 0>\n").arg(Z0).arg(x+200).arg(offset-y);
s += QStringLiteral("<GND * 1 %1 %2 0 0 0 0>\n").arg(x+230).arg(offset-y);
}
}
offset+=sp+2*y;
}
yaux=y;
spaux=sp;
y=y+0.5*sp;
sp=2*yaux+sp;
x-=200;
}
s += "</Components>\n";
wirestr+="</Wires>\n";;
s += wirestr;
QApplication::clipboard()->setText(s, QClipboard::Clipboard);
return 0;
}
// FUNCTIONS FOR THE MICROSTRIP LINE SYNTHESIS. JUST COPIED FROM THE QUCS-FILTER TOOL
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
#define MAX_ERROR 1e-7
void calcMicrostrip(tSubstrate *substrate,
double width, double freq, double& er_eff, double& zl)
{
double a, b;
double h = substrate->height;
double t = substrate->thickness;
double er = substrate->er;
double Wh = width / h;
t /= h;
// quasi-static models by Hammerstad
double w1 = Wh;
if(t > 1e-100) { // width correction due to metal thickness?
a = coth(sqrt(6.517*Wh));
b = t / M_PI * log(1.0 + 10.873127 / t / a / a);
w1 += b;
Wh += 0.5 * b * (1.0 + sech(sqrt(er - 1.0)));
}
// relative effective permittivity
a = Wh * Wh;
b = a * a;
er_eff = -0.564 * pow((er-0.9) / (er+3.0), 0.053);
er_eff *= 1.0 + log((b + a/2704.0) / (b + 0.432)) / 49.0 + log(1.0 + a*Wh/5929.741) / 18.7;
er_eff = (er+1.0) / 2.0 + (er-1.0) / 2.0 * pow(1.0 + 10.0/Wh, er_eff);
// characteristic impedance
zl = 6.0 + 0.2831853 * exp(-pow(30.666/Wh, 0.7528));
zl = Z_FIELD / 2.0/M_PI * log(zl/Wh + sqrt(1.0 + 4.0/Wh/Wh));
// characteristic impedance (same again for "w1")
a = 6.0 + 0.2831853 * exp(-pow(30.666/w1, 0.7528));
a = Z_FIELD / 2.0/M_PI * log(a/w1 + sqrt(1.0 + 4.0/w1/w1));
a /= zl;
zl /= sqrt(er_eff);
er_eff *= a * a;
// dispersion models by Kirschning
freq *= h / 1e6; // normalize frequency into GHz*mm
// relative effective permittivity
a = 0.0363 * exp(-4.6*Wh) * (1.0 - exp(-pow(freq/38.7, 4.97)));
a *= 1.0 + 2.751 * (1.0 - exp(-pow(er/15.916, 8.0)));
a = pow((0.1844 + a) * freq, 1.5763);
a *= 0.27488 + Wh*(0.6315 + 0.525 / pow(1.0+0.0157*freq, 20.0)) - 0.065683*exp(-8.7513*Wh);
a *= 0.33622 * (1.0 - exp(-0.03442*er));
double er_freq = er - (er - er_eff) / (1.0 + a);
// characteristic impedance
a = -0.03891 * pow(er, 1.4);
b = -0.267 * pow (Wh, 7.0);
double R7 = 1.206 - 0.3144*exp(a) * (1.0 - exp(b));
a = 0.016 + pow(0.0514*er, 4.524);
b = pow(freq/28.843, 12.0);
a = 5.086 * a * b / (0.3838 + 0.386*a) / (1.0 + 1.2992*b);
b = -22.2 * pow(Wh, 1.92);
a *= exp(b);
b = pow(er - 1.0, 6.0);
double R9 = a*b / (1.0 + 10.0*b);
a = 4.766 * exp(-3.228 * pow(Wh, 0.641)); // = R3
a = 1.0 + 1.275
* (1.0 - exp(-0.004625*a*pow(er, 1.674) * pow(freq/18.365, 2.745))); // = R8
b = 0.9408 * pow(er_freq, a) - 0.9603; // = R13
b /= (0.9408 - R9) * pow(er_eff, a) - 0.9603;
R9 = b; // = R13 / R14
a = 0.00044 * pow(er, 2.136) + 0.0184; // = R10
a *= 0.707 * pow(freq/12.3, 1.097); // = R15
a = exp(-0.026*pow(freq, 1.15656) - a);
b = pow(freq/19.47, 6.0);
b /= 1.0 + 0.0962 * b; // = R11
b = 1.0 + 0.0503 *er*er* b * (1.0 - exp(-pow(Wh/15, 6.0))); // = R16
R7 *= (1.0 - 1.1241 * a / b / (1.0 + 0.00245*Wh*Wh)); // = R17
zl *= pow(R9, R7);
er_eff = er_freq;
}
// -------------------------------------------------------------------
// Calculates the width 'width' and the relative effective permittivity 'er_eff'
// of a microstrip line. It uses an iterative search algorithm because
// synthesis equations doesn't exist.
void QucsPowerCombiningTool::getMicrostrip(double Z0, double freq, tSubstrate *substrate,
double &width, double &er_eff)
{
int iteration = 0; // iteration counter
double Z0_current, Z0_result, increment;
width = 1e-3; // start with 1mm
do {
// compute line parameters
calcMicrostrip(substrate, width, freq, er_eff, Z0_current);
if(fabs(Z0 - Z0_current) < MAX_ERROR)
break; // wanted value was found
increment = width / 100.0;
width += increment;
// compute line parameters
calcMicrostrip(substrate, width, freq, er_eff, Z0_result);
// Newton iteration: w(n+1) = w(n) - f(w(n))/f'(w(n))
// with f(w(n)) = Z0_current - Z0
// and f'(w(n)) = (Z0_result - Z0_current) / increment
width -= (Z0_current - Z0) / (Z0_result - Z0_current) * increment;
if(width <= 0.0)
width = increment;
iteration++;
} while(iteration < 150);
}
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
void QucsPowerCombiningTool::on_MicrostripradioButton_clicked()
{
UpdateImage();
MicrostripgroupBox->setEnabled(true);
AlphaLabel->setVisible(true);
AlphalineEdit->setVisible(true);
AlphadBLabel->setVisible(true);
}
void QucsPowerCombiningTool::on_IdealTLRadioButton_clicked()
{
UpdateImage();
MicrostripgroupBox->setEnabled(false);
AlphaLabel->setVisible(false);
AlphalineEdit->setVisible(false);
AlphadBLabel->setVisible(false);
}
void QucsPowerCombiningTool::on_LCRadioButton_clicked()
{
UpdateImage();
MicrostripgroupBox->setEnabled(false);
//Hide the length unit combo
UnitsCombo->setVisible(false);
UnitsLabel->setVisible(false);
}
//Rounds a double number using the minimum number of decimal places
QString QucsPowerCombiningTool::RoundVariablePrecision(double val)
{
int precision = 0;//By default, it takes 2 decimal places
while (val*pow(10, precision) < 100) precision++;//Adds another decimal place if the conversion is less than 0.1, 0.01, etc
return QString::number(val, 'F', precision);// Round to 'precision' decimals.
}
//This function creates a string for the transmission line length and automatically changes the unit length if the value lies outside [1,999.99]
QString QucsPowerCombiningTool::ConvertLengthFromM(double len)
{
int index = UnitsCombo->currentIndex();
double conv;
do{
conv=len;
switch (index)
{
case 1: //mils
conv *= 39370.1;
if (conv > 999.99)
{
index = 4;//inches
break;
}
if(conv < 1)
{
index = 2;//microns
break;
}
return QStringLiteral("%1 mil").arg(RoundVariablePrecision(conv));
case 2: //microns
conv *= 1e6;
if (conv > 999.99)
{
index = 0;//milimeters
break;
}
if(conv < 1)
{
index = 3;//nanometers
break;
}
return QStringLiteral("%1 um").arg(RoundVariablePrecision(conv));
case 3: //nanometers
conv *= 1e9;
if (conv > 999.99)
{
index = 2;//microns
break;
}
return QStringLiteral("%1 nm").arg(RoundVariablePrecision(conv));
case 4: //inch
conv *= 39.3701;
if (conv > 999.99)
{
index = 5;//feets
break;
}
if(conv < 1)
{
index = 1;//mils
break;
}
return QStringLiteral("%1 in").arg(RoundVariablePrecision(conv));
case 5: //ft
conv *= 3.280841666667;
if (conv > 999.99)
{
index = 6;//meters
break;
}
if(conv < 1)
{
index = 4;//inches
break;
}
return QStringLiteral("%1 ft").arg(RoundVariablePrecision(conv));
case 6: //m
if(conv < 1)
{
index = 0;//mm
break;
}
return QStringLiteral("%1").arg(RoundVariablePrecision(len));
default: //milimeters
conv *=1e3;
if (conv > 999.99)
{
index = 6;//meters
break;
}
if(conv < 1)
{
index = 2;//microns
break;
}
return QStringLiteral("%1 mm").arg(RoundVariablePrecision(conv));
}
}while(true);
return QString();
}
// Copied from Qucs misc class
// Converts a double number into string adding the corresponding prefix
QString QucsPowerCombiningTool::num2str(double Num)
{
char c = 0;
double cal = fabs(Num);
if(cal > 1e-20) {
cal = log10(cal) / 3.0;
if(cal < -0.2) cal -= 0.98;
int Expo = int(cal);
if(Expo >= -5) if(Expo <= 4)
switch(Expo) {
case -5: c = 'f'; break;
case -4: c = 'p'; break;
case -3: c = 'n'; break;
case -2: c = 'u'; break;
case -1: c = 'm'; break;
case 1: c = 'k'; break;
case 2: c = 'M'; break;
case 3: c = 'G'; break;
case 4: c = 'T'; break;
}
if(c) Num /= pow(10.0, double(3*Expo));
}
QString Str = RoundVariablePrecision(Num);
if(c) Str += c;
return Str;
}
// Image
QString QucsPowerCombiningTool::getSPEquationString(int x, int y)
{
QString s;
if (QucsSettings.DefaultSimulator == spicecompat::simQucsator) {
s = QStringLiteral("<Eqn Eqn1 1 %1 %2 -28 15 0 0 \"S11_dB=dB(S[1,1])\" 1 \"S21_dB=dB(S[2,1])\" 1"
" \"S31_dB=dB(S[3,1])\" 1 \"S22_dB=dB(S[2,2])\" 1 \"S33_dB=dB(S[3,3])\" 1 \"yes\" 0>\n").arg(x).arg(y);
} else if (QucsSettings.DefaultSimulator == spicecompat::simNgspice) {
s = QStringLiteral("<NutmegEq NutmegEq1 1 %1 %2 -28 15 0 0 \"sp\" 1 \"S11_dB=dB(S_1_1)\" 1 \"S21_dB=dB(S_2_1)\" 1"
" \"S31_dB=dB(S_3_1)\" 1 \"S22_dB=dB(S_2_2)\" 1 \"S33_dB=dB(S_3_3)\" 1>\n").arg(x).arg(y);
}
return s;
}
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